what was the cia called beforewhat was the cia called before

The Act charged CIA with coordinating the Nations intelligence activities and, among other duties, collecting, evaluating, and disseminating intelligence affecting national security. The CIA's budget for hiring clandestine officers had been squeezed out by the paramilitary operations in south-east Asia, and the government's poor popularity further strained hiring. [112], As with most government agencies, building equipment often is contracted. Subsequently, NPIC was transferred to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). "[250] The number of independent contractors hired by the Federal government across the intelligence community has skyrocketed. McLaughlin, who would make, among others, the "slam dunk" presentation to the President, "felt that they had to dare to be wrong to be clearer in their judgments". Google and Facebook Were Created by the CIA - Forbidden Knowledge TV During the Bosnian War, the CIA ignored signs within and without[clarification needed] of the Srebrenica massacre. This Directorate is known to be organized by geographic regions and issues, but its precise organization is classified.[25]. Phone Interview. In the famous "smoking gun" recording that led to President Nixon's resignation, Nixon ordered his chief of staff, H. R. Haldeman, to tell the CIA that further investigation of Watergate would "open the whole can of worms about the Bay of Pigs". [citation needed], After the failure of the attempted invasion at the Bay of Pigs, the CIA proposed a program of sabotage and terrorist attacks against civilian and military targets in Cuba, with the stated intent to bring down the Cuban administration and institute a new government. Twelve more Americans were captured in Beirut during the Reagan Administration. [136], The OSS Patti mission arrived in Vietnam near the end of World War II, and had significant interaction with the leaders of many Vietnamese factions, including Ho Chi Minh. Before the CIA, There Was the "Cloak and Dagger Group of Snoopers" He was expelled from the country. On February 21, 1994, FBI agents pulled Aldrich Ames out of his Jaguar. During the Reagan administration, Michael Sekora (assigned to the DIA), worked with agencies across the intelligence community, including the CIA, to develop and deploy a technology-based competitive strategy system called Project Socrates. [139], Sometime between 1959 and 1961, the CIA started Project Tiger, a program of dropping South Vietnamese agents into North Vietnam to gather intelligence. Arlington Hall, the nerve center of CIA cryptanalysis, was compromised by Bill Weisband, a Russian translator and Soviet spy. [113], The CIA welcomed Fidel Castro on his visit to DC, and gave him a face-to-face briefing. Nixon had long been frustrated by what he saw as a liberal infection inside the CIA and had been trying for years to tear the CIA out by its roots. Though the New York field offices' main responsibilities were to monitor and recruit foreign officials stationed at the United Nations, the field office also handled the investigations of the August 1998 bombings of United States Embassies in East Africa and the October 2000 bombing of the USS Cole. On September 26, 2001, within 15 days of the attacks on U.S. soil, the first team of Americansthe CIA officers of Operation JAWBREAKERwere on the ground and operating in Afghanistan. The role of the DCI changed in 2004, when President George W. Bush signed the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act. On October 12, 2000, Al Qaeda bombed the USS Cole. rbenz ordered the army to distribute weapons to local peasants and workers. "[146], On November 13, after Nixon's landslide re-election, Nixon told Kissinger "[I intend] to ruin the Foreign Service. The nationalization of the British-funded Iranian oil industry, including the largest oil refinery in the world, was disastrous for Mosaddegh. The United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) dates from September 18, 1947, when President Harry S. Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947 into law. The name reflects its role as the coordinator of human intelligence activities between other elements of the wider U.S. intelligence community with their HUMINT operations. It will be a scorched desert. [64][65], At the outset of the Korean War the CIA still only had a few thousand employees, around one thousand of whom worked in analysis. The weapons had also come from the CIA. [79] In September 1952 Haney was replaced by John Limond Hart, a Europe veteran with a vivid memory for bitter experiences of misinformation. It created the program "PL-110" to handle defectors and other "essential aliens" who fell outside normal immigration procedures. It's so broken that nobody wants to believe it. Part of the problem, according to Author Tim Weiner, is that political appointees designated by recent presidential administrations have sometimes been under-qualified or over-zealous politically. [190], The intelligence community as a whole, and especially the CIA, were involved in presidential planning immediately after the 9/11 attacks. For more than 70 years, the location of the liner's wreckage about . The CIA called these early JSOC attachments "Ultras" ("Ultra" was also a Delta Force call sign) but around 2005 this special operations support to the agency was officially named the Omega program. His wife, Jackie Kennedy, is next to him. The Langley, Virginia-based office's mission is to streamline and integrate digital and cybersecurity capabilities into the CIA's espionage, counterintelligence, all-source analysis, open-source intelligence collection, and covert action operations. Its contributions in the areas of political action and paramilitary warfare were recognized and respected. Definition of Terrorist", "CIA Air Operations in Laos, 1955-1974: Supporting the 'Secret War', "Nonfiction Book Review: The Spy Who Saved the World: How a Soviet Colonel Changed the Course of the Cold War by Jerrold L. Schecter, Author, Peter S. Deriabin, With Scribner Book Company $25 (0p) ISBN 978-0-684-19068-6", "Former Chad leader Hissne Habr charged with crimes against humanity", Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001, "Afghanistan war logs: US covered up fatal Taliban missile strike on Chinook", "Pakistan's 'godfathers of the Taliban' hold the key to hunt for bin Laden", "What Putin Misunderstands about American Power", "US Intelligence and the Polish Crisis 19801981", "FBI History: Famous Cases Aldrich Hazen Ames", "Junior: The clandestine life of America's top Al Qaeda source", "A Nation Challenged: The Intelligence Agency; Secret C.I.A. As time passed, the CIA would become more and more frantic about the possibility of their networks being compromised. Instead, Agents are now called Covert Investigators. In his address to the nation at 8:30pm on September 11, 2001, George W. Bush mentioned the intelligence community: "The search is underway for those who are behind these evil acts, I've directed the full resource of our intelligence and law enforcement communities to find those responsible and bring them to justice. On September 20, 1945, shortly after the end of World War II, Harry S. Truman signed an executive order dissolving the OSS, and by October 1945 its functions had been divided between the Departments of State and War. [22] The Directorate has four regional analytic groups, six groups for transnational issues, and three that focus on policy, collection, and staff support. Often referred to as our Agencys forerunner, the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) became the first centralized intelligence agency in American history. [39], The primary training facility for the Office of Communications is Warrenton Training Center, located near Warrenton, Virginia. Intelligence primarily came from the Office of Reports and Estimates, which drew its reports from a daily take of State Department telegrams, military dispatches, and other public documents. They also apply technical expertise to exploit clandestine and publicly available information (also known as open-source data) using specialized methodologies and digital tools to plan, initiate and support the technical and human-based operations of the CIA. Students are selected, and their progress evaluated, in ways derived from the OSS, published as the book Assessment of Men, Selection of Personnel for the Office of Strategic Services. A call from an unknown number leaving a vague voicemail message. Thanks to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request, the CIA . [149] CIA involvement in Contra cocaine trafficking in Nicaragua[201][202] and complicity in the actions of the death squads in El Salvador and Honduras also came to light. The CIA has always shown a strong interest in how to use advances in technology to enhance its effectiveness. This left the Nation without a non-departmental, strategically oriented intelligence service. "[162], Unlike the Carter Administration, the Reagan Administration supported the Solidarity movement in Poland, and based on CIA intelligence waged a public relations campaign to deter what the Carter administration felt was "an imminent move by large Soviet military forces into Poland." [59], Lawrence Houston, head counsel of the SSU, CIG, and, later CIA, was principal draftsman of the National Security Act of 1947,[60][61][62] which dissolved the NIA and the CIG, and established both the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency. [83] As prime minister, he nationalized the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company which his predecessor had supported. [160] DCI William J. Casey formed the Central American Task Force, staffed with yes men from Covert Action. On December 11, 1959, a memo reached the DCI's desk recommending Castro's "elimination." It defined covert operations as secret missions in geopolitical areas where the U.S. is neither openly nor engaged. The Counterterrorist Center, its new chief, Cofer Black, and the center's bin Laden unit were the plan's developers and executors. [146] Nixon had told Helms that he was on the way out, and promised that Helms could stay on until his 60th birthday, the mandatory retirement age. As the Vietnam War raged,Washington noticed that communist forces had spilled over into Laos. On May 1, 1960, the USSR shot down a U-2 flying over the Soviet territory. [48], The CIA acts as the primary US HUMINT and general analytic agency, under the Director of National Intelligence, who directs or coordinates the 16 member organizations of the United States Intelligence Community. The Embassy bombing killed the CIA's Beirut Station Chief, Ken Haas. CIA Hiring Process: Job Application, Interview, and Employment The 9/11 Commission Report identified failures in the IC as a whole. [80] Hart reported to Washington that Seoul station was hopeless, and could not be salvaged. As the Agency continued to grow, employees moved from offices in Washington, DC, to a new headquarters in Langley, Virginia. [23] There are regional analytical offices covering the Near East and South Asia, Russia and Europe; and the Asian Pacific, Latin American, and Africa. "Covert action programs," including a variety of activities such as the CIA's drone fleet and anti-Iranian nuclear program activities, accounts for $2.6billion. [10][11] It exerts foreign political influence through its paramilitary operations units, such as the Special Activities Center. [145] On June 26, Nixon's counsel John Dean ordered DCI Walters to pay the plumbers untraceable hush money. Secret cables written by the US Ambassador to Brazil, Lincoln Gordon, confirmed that the CIA was involved in covert action in Brazil. [3][14], The CIA has increasingly expanded its role, including covert paramilitary operations. They were trading information with the Sudanese until, on the word of a source that would later be found to be a fabricator, the CIA closed its Sudan station later that year. In the history of American intelligence, the little-discussed CIG is sandwiched tightly between the daring exploits of the Second World War's Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and the sprawling, on-going missions of the now 71-year-old CIA. [53][54][55] Despite opposition from the military establishment, the United States Department of State and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI),[56] Truman established the National Intelligence Authority[57] in January 1946. ", "Statement of the Director of Central Intelligence Regarding the Disclosure of the Aggregate Intelligence Budget for Fiscal Year 1997", "CIA Discloses FY 1998 Intelligence Budget Total", "Official Reveals Budget for U.S. Intelligence", "CIA Cold War Records: The CIA Under Harry Truman", "The Creation of the Central Intelligence Group", "Office of the General Counsel: History of the Office", National Archives and Records Administration, "The Korean War and the Central Intelligence Agency", "A Look Back: The First Director of Central Intelligence", "Foreign Relations of the United States, 19451950, Emergence of the Intelligence Establishment", "Two Strategic Intelligence Mistakes in Korea, 1950", "U.S. Foreign Policy toward Radical Change: Covert Operations in Guatemala, 19501954", "Guatemalan Army Waged 'Genocide,' New Report Finds", Program Review by the Chief of Operations, Operation Mongoose, Harvard University Center for Latin American Studies, University of Nebraska Press/Potomac Books, "Cuban Exile Could Test U.S. Eisenhower later said that the U-2 coverup was the greatest regret of his presidency. Then its spies sat back and listened", "The CIA's 'Minerva' Secret | National Security Archive", "Reexamining the Distinction Between Open Information and Secrets", "Joint Publications Research Service (JPRS)", "CIA outwits impersonators by embracing Twitter, Facebook", "The CIA Will Use its New Dark Web Site to Collect Anonymous Tips", "Intelligence Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008, Conference Committee Report", "Former high-ranking Bush officials enjoy war profits", "In Death of Spy Satellite Program, Lofty Plans and Unrealistic Bids", CIA Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room, Landscapes of Secrecy: The CIA in History, Fiction and Memory, Works by or about Central Intelligence Agency, Involvement in Contra cocaine trafficking, Official reports by the U.S. Government on the CIA, Joint Functional Component Command for Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, DEA Office of National Security Intelligence, Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, National Counterintelligence and Security Center, Cyber Threat Intelligence Integration Center, Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity, Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence, Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency, Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System, National Museum of Intelligence and Special Operations, Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board, 19471948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, Incapacitation of the Allied Control Council, On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences, North Yemen-South Yemen Border conflict of 1972, Struggle against political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, List of Eastern Bloc agents in the United States, American espionage in the Soviet Union and Russian Federation, United States involvement in regime change, Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War, North Korea and weapons of mass destruction, Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World, Withdrawal of United States troops from Afghanistan (20112016), Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (20072011), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Intelligence_Agency&oldid=1162648884, Anti-communist organizations in the United States, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2012, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing overly long summaries, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2015, Articles with failed verification from April 2017, Wikipedia articles with style issues from June 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2019, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Indications and warnings for senior policymakers. This power grab triggered the Shah to exercise his constitutional right to dismiss Mosaddegh. He reached out to the agency offering a back channel to Iran, suggesting a trade of missiles that would be lucrative to the intermediaries.[161]. DDCI John E. McLaughlin was part of a long discussion in the CIA about equivocation. [32], Rep. Adam Schiff, the California Democrat who served as the ranking member of the House Intelligence Committee, endorsed the reorganization. [3] Under the Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949, the Director of Central Intelligence is the only federal government employee who can spend "un-vouchered" government money. While the Directorate heads will still retain ultimate authority over their respective Directorate, the Mission Centers will be led by an assistant director who will work with the capabilities and talents of all five Directorates on mission-specific goals for the parts of the world which they are given responsibility for. [115], The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the CIA-sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on April 17, 1961. There is essentially no government oversight of this private sector at the heart of our intelligence empire. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA; /si.ae/), known informally as the Agency[6] and historically as the company,[7] is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States, officially tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations. Seoul station chief Albert Haney would openly celebrate the capabilities of those agents, and the information they sent. That's why we're called the Central Intelligence Agency. There were no direct links between the CIA and Solidarnosc, and all money was channeled through third parties. Lumumba was imprisoned by Mobutu in December and then handed over to Katangan authorities who, with the aid of Belgium, executed him by firing squad in January 1961. [22][36][37], For later stage training of student operations officers, there is at least one classified training area at Camp Peary, near Williamsburg, Virginia. [160] On December 21, 1982, Congress passed a law restricting the CIA to its stated mission, restricting the flow of arms from Nicaragua to El Salvador, prohibiting the use of funds to oust the Sandinistas. Op-Ed: The CIA has backed Ukrainian insurgents before. Let's learn from Three days later, the CIA reported to the White House that the Indonesian Army's actions against the CIA-supported revolution were suppressing communism. [citation needed]. . [205][206] In this way Nixon and Haldeman ensured that the CIA's No. In 2013, The Washington Post reported that in the fiscal year 2010, the CIA had the largest budget of all IC agencies, exceeding previous estimates. 10 Fascinating CIA Missions - CIA - The World Factbook Cia Agents in the US make an average of $82,363 per year. He is the first former prisoner of the C.I.A. It will now be the Directorate of Analysis. [citation needed], Between 1985 and 1986, the CIA lost every spy it had in Eastern Europe. It is the Agency's newest directorate. [250], The Director of National Intelligence has been granted the authority to increase the number of positions (FTEs) on elements in the Intelligence Community by up to 10% should there be a determination that activities performed by a contractor should be done by a U.S. government employee. [230] These weapons have been reportedly falling into hands of extremists, such as al-Nusra Front and ISIL. [44] As a result, reports revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was $550million (inflation-adjusted US$ 5.3 billion in 2023),[45] and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US$26.6billion (inflation-adjusted US$ 48.5 billion in 2023). This was revealed after bin Laden's death and may have negatively affected the campaign against Polio in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Eisenhower sent his special assistant for security operations, F. M. Dearborn Jr., to Jakarta. To the CIA, the invasion had to occur before the end of February 2003 if their sources inside Hussein's government were to survive. [226], Under the aegis of operation Timber Sycamore and other clandestine activities, CIA operatives and U.S. special operations troops have trained and armed nearly 10,000 rebel fighters at a cost of $1billion a year. [91][92][93][94], On June 18, 1954, Carlos Castillo Armas led 480 CIA-trained men across the border from Honduras into Guatemala. as an agent. The CIA has recently been struggling to protect its foreign agents. Thirteen days later he was assassinated. [242][243], As part of its mandate to gather intelligence, the CIA is looking increasingly online for information, and has become a major consumer of social media. This meant CIG could move beyond simply coordinating intelligence to producing intelligence. In the weeks before the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, the CIA downplayed the military buildup. Throughout its history, the CIA has been the subject of many controversies, both at home and abroad. [236], The unclassified version of the document ends with the announcement that the National Clandestine Service (NCS) will be reverting to its original Directorate name, the Directorate of Operations. [80] After the war, internal reviews by the CIA would corroborate Hart's findings. [46] There have been accidental disclosures; for instance, Mary Margaret Graham, a former CIA official and deputy director of national intelligence for collection in 2005, said that the annual intelligence budget was $44billion,[47] and in 1994 Congress accidentally published a budget of $43.4billion (in 2012 dollars) in 1994 for the non-military National Intelligence Program, including $4.8billion for the CIA. Texas A&M Professor James Olson uses his 31 years of experience as a CIA undercover operative to teach intelligence students at the Bush School. A British naval embargo closed the British oil facilities, which Iran had no skilled workers to operate. The CIA classified it in 1966 before anyone had a chance to read it, and it remained a tightly-guarded secret until recently. Yevgeny Prigozhin: Who is the Wagner chief turned rebel? | CNN The CIA delivered a quarter of a million dollars to Joseph Mobutu in October, their favored Congolese political figure. Under Cover - Texas A&M Today The CIA encouraged "pro-democracy street rallies" in Brazil, for instance, to create dissent against Goulart. Cofer Black and others became advocates of arming the Predator with missiles to try to assassinate bin Laden and other al-Qaeda leaders. For 15 years, the CIA's security team used the manor as a literal doghouse, a place to keep their K-9 unit. In March 1981, Reagan told Congress that the CIA would protect El Salvador by preventing the shipment of Nicaraguan arms into the country to arm Communist rebels. He issued a memo to every CIA employee directing them to disclose to him any CIA activity they knew of past or present that could fall outside the scope of the CIA's charter. According to Hillhouse, this resulted in 70% of the de facto workforce of the CIA's National Clandestine Service being made up of contractors. CIA's HUMINT budget is $2.3billion, the SIGINT budget is $1.7billion, and spending for security and logistics of CIA missions is $2.5billion. [187], In 1999, CIA chief George Tenet launched a plan to deal with al-Qaeda. As a principal member of the United States Intelligence Community (IC), the CIA reports to the Director of National Intelligence and is primarily focused on providing intelligence for the President and Cabinet of the United States. [231][232][233] Around February 2017, the CIA was instructed to halt military aid to Syrian rebels (Free Syrian Army or FSA), which also included training, ammunition, guided missiles, and salaries. A DS&T organization analyzed imagery intelligence collected by the U-2 and reconnaissance satellites called the National Photointerpretation Center (NPIC), which had analysts from both the CIA and the military services. His report that there was high instability, and that the US lacked stable allies, reinforced the domino theory. Tim Winer. "[179] Russ Travers said in the CIA in-house journal that in five years "intelligence failure is inevitable". [183][184], Agency files show that it is believed Osama bin Laden was funding the Afghan rebels against the USSR in the 1980s. The CIA was instrumental in the establishment of intelligence services in several U.S. allied countries, including Germany's BND. This also required an authorizing chain of command, including an official, presidential finding report and the informing of the House and Senate Intelligence Committees, which, in emergencies, requires only "timely notification. [177], In France, the CIA had orders for economic intelligence; a female CIA agent revealed her connections to the CIA to the French. Debris found near the Titanic was confirmed to belong to the missing Titan submersible. [95] The CIA also mounted a psychological campaign to convince the Guatemalan people and government that Armas' victory was a fait accompli, the largest part of which was a radio broadcast entitled "The Voice of Liberation" which announced that Guatemalan exiles led by Castillo Armas were shortly about to liberate the country. He was particularly worried that U-2 flights could be seen as preparations for first-strike attacks. "The Role of Intelligence" (1965) Congress and the Nation 19451964. This left the agency bloated with middle management, and anemic in younger officers. [207], Repercussions from the IranContra affair arms smuggling scandal included the creation of the Intelligence Authorization Act in 1991. The US had been hunting bin Laden since 1996 and had had several opportunities, but neither Clinton, nor Bush had wanted to risk taking an active role in a murky assassination plot, and the perfect opportunity had never materialized for a DCI that would have given him the reassurances he needed to take the plunge.