Similarly, teachers, attitudes towards weight, particularly towards obesity, may have harmful effects on children's emerging body image [54]. The role of socio-economic status in depression: results from the COURAGE (aging survey in Europe). -, Kelsey MM, Zaepfel A, Bjornstad P, Nadeau KJ. Stice E, Presnell K, Groesz L, Shaw H. Effects of a weight maintenance diet on bulimic symptoms in adolescent girls: an experimental test of the dietary restraint theory. Exploring primary school years interactions around child weight: A 2013. 2013 Apr;56(4):532-8. doi: 10.1007/s00103-012-1637-6. Tremblay MS, Willms JD. 2022 Dec 1;14(23):5117. doi: 10.3390/nu14235117. Gibson LY, Allen KL, Davis E, Blair E, Zubrick SR, Byrne SM. Child Obesity and Mental Health: A Complex Interaction. Children with obesity are more likely to develop other serious health problems, including heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Cox proportional models were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the outcomes. The focus on resiliency and wellness in research on childhood obesity is in its infancy. doi: 10.1159/000356023. Annual disposable income, converted to 2015 prices using the Consumer Price Index (www.scb.se/en), was categorised into quartiles (scores 0, 1, 2, and 3). Ford AL, Hunt LP, Cooper A, Shield JP. 2014;10:1897902. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. Sustaining a positive body image in adolescence: an assets-based analysis. Exploring the association between childhood and adolescent obesity and depression: a meta-analysis. Most research has not examined these psychosocial factors in one study, and this paper aims to look at these factors together. This chronic condition affects the way your child's body uses sugar (glucose). Open access funding provided by Karolinska Institute. It should be noted that the treatment of pediatric obesity may vary with age particularly as approaches to childhood obesity migrate to a more integrated shared-responsibility model of service delivery [11]. The authors LF, MV, RS, JB, MB, WK and TP declare that they have no competing interests. A number of recent documents suggest that a public health response to childhood obesity should include intervention across multiple sectors [78, 79]. However, this relationship is not unidirectional; depression may be both a cause and a consequence of obesity [25]. Puhl RM, King KM. Methods: We performed cross-sectional analysis of data on 43,297 children aged 10 to 17 from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health. Weisz JR, Chorpita BF, Palinkas LA, Schoenwald SK, Miaranda J, Bearman SK, et al. Puhl and Latner [49] completed a comprehensive literature review on childhood weight-based stigmatization and found that children demonstrate weight bias by associating obesity with a number of undesirable traits and preferring to associate with nonobese peers. BMC Medicine Berk M, Williams LJ, Jacka FN, ONeil A, Pasco JA, Moylan S, et al. Research findings of the association and its pattern between obesity and psychiatric/psychological comorbidities are not consistent across the types of comorbidities or the study subgroups. Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung. Family history of anxiety and depression was defined as diagnosis or at least two dispensed prescribed medications for either parent (Additionalfile1). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Association between clinically meaningful behavior problems and overweight in children. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. The site is secure. Some of these medications have been associated with risk of both weight loss and weight gain, with major variation between individuals [40]. Despite these associations, it is clear that not all overweight/obese children experience psychosocial issues. J Affect Disord. Jansen W, van de Looij-Jansen PM, de Wilde EJ, Brug J. 2013;11:200. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Erermis S, Cetin N, Tamar M, Bukusoglu N, Akdeniz F, Goksen D. Is obesity a risk factor for psychopathology among adolescents? Childhood obesity and self-esteem. LL has also received personal grants from the Samariten Foundation. However, the present study also has some limitations. Associations were investigated using linear regression analyses. Occupation included people registered as employed for most of the year in question (score 1). Evans J, Evans R, Evans C, Evans JE. However, estimated risks in that studyas opposed to the current studywere not adjusted for migration background, family history of anxiety and depression, or SES. Kurth B-M, Ellert U. Fenton C, Brooks F, Spencer NH, Morgan A. 2004;82:85866. J Intellect Dis Res. Claus L, Braet C, Decaluw V. Dieting history in obese youngsters with and without disordered eating. ODea JA. Ludvigsson JF, Otterblad-Olausson P, Pettersson BU, Ekbom A. Obesity was a strong risk factor for anxiety and depression in both sexes: adjusted HR [95% CI] for girls was 1.43, [1.311.57], p<0.0001, and for boys 1.33, [1.201.48], p<0.0001 (Additionalfile2). Obesity is a complex condition that interweaves biological, developmental, environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors; it is a significant public health problem. In total, we studied 2350 participants between the ages of 4 and 18 years (1213 4- to 10-years-old (child sample) and 1137 11-to 18-year-olds (adolescent sample)). Without consideration of weight-related issues as socially constructed and maintained, intervention efforts will likely fall short because it seeks to foster change from within the system rather than transforming the system that created the problems in the first place [77]. Anxiety; Body image; Childhood obesity; Depression; Externalizing; Internalizing; Self-esteem; Weight bias. A shift to weight-neutral outcomes has shown evidence of success in randomized control trials (see Bacon and Aphramor [74] for a review). Somatoform complaints were not significantly associated with BMI-SDS. In accordance with earlier reports [15,16,17], we found increased rates of well-established risk factors for anxiety and depression, such as neuropsychiatric disorders and low socioeconomic status (SES), in children with obesity. Prevalence rates of childhood obesity have risen steeply over the last 3 decades. Prevalence rates of childhood obesity have risen steeply over the last 3 decades. Psychological complications of pediatric obesity. Latner JD, Stunkard AJ. 2016; 25 (2) . Health promotion experts have a unique opportunity to build psychosocial resilience among individuals and communities in an effort to reduce or prevent weight-related disorders. Psychological Parameters of Adolescent Patients Prior to Obesity Treatment. As it currently stands, obesity remains a medical condition, and, perhaps for this reason, research has focused neither on understanding the psychological impact of living with obesity nor the influence of mental health on the development of obesity. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Thus, we cannot rule out that there are individuals with obesity in the comparison group. 2008;16(2):27584. Some studies even indicated that differential QOL perceptions for children vary in the degree to which children are overweight [61]. Body dissatisfaction, dietary restraint, depression, and weight status in adolescents. There is some consensus in the literature that the global approach to self-esteem measurement with children who are overweight/obese is misleading as the physical and social domains of self-esteem seem to be where these children are most vulnerable [31]. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. There is also a risk of surveillance bias in the obesity cohort. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. Charlson F, van Ommeren M, Flaxman A, Cornett J, Whiteford H, Saxena S. New WHO prevalence estimates of mental disorders in conflict settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Friedlander SL, Larkin EK, Rosen CL, Palermo TM, Redline S. Decreased quality of life associated with obesity in school-aged children. A systematic literature search of peer-reviewed, English-language studies published between January 2000 and January 2011 was undertaken on computerized psychological, social science, medical, and education databases including Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Educational Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (DSR), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCTR). Tanofsky-Kraff M, Cohen ML, Yanovski SZ, et al. The Swedish personal identity number: possibilities and pitfalls in healthcare and medical research. Ludvigsson JF, Almqvist C, Bonamy AK, Ljung R, Michaelsson K, Neovius M, et al. The .gov means its official. A recent review concluded that the majority of studies find a prospective relationship between eating disturbances and depression [24]. Haines J, Neumark-Sztainer D. Prevention of obesity and eating disorders: a consideration of shared risk factors. Reeves GM, Postolache TT, Snitker S. Childhood obesity and depression: connection between these growing problems in growing children. 2023 Mar 21;14:1098664. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098664. Given the increased national focus, the frequency of this clinical problem, and the multiple mental health factors that coexist with it, make obesity a public health concern. To date, the rate of efficacy of this prevention approach is 21% [9] suggesting the need to search for additional ways to intervene. government site. Overweight during childhood and internalizing symptoms in early adolescence: the mediating role of peer victimization and the desire to be thinner. Backgrounds were defined as Nordic (child and at least one parent born in a Nordic country [Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, or Iceland]) and non-Nordic (child born outside the Nordic region or born in the Nordic region, but where both parents were born outside the Nordic region). Shrewsbury V, Wardle J. Socioeconomic status and adiposity in childhood: a systematic review of cross-sectional studies 1990-2005. It has been reported that children with obesity are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to peers of normal weight [3, 4], but whether obesity per se is a risk factor for these conditions is unclear. What reduction in BMI SDS is required in obese adolescents to improve body composition and cardiometabolic health? Summary Interactions about children's weight and weight-related behaviors occur from an early stage in school settings between various . Recommendations to include weight bias awareness in the field of obesity, particularly obesity prevention efforts, have been largely ignored [75]. Int Rev Psychiatry. Perrin EM, Boone-Heinonen J, Field AE, Coyne-Beasley T, Gordon-Larsen P. Perception of overweight and self-esteem during adolescence. Lumeng JC, Gannon K, Cabral HJ, Frank DA, Zuckerman B. Because this paper focused specifically on mental health and wellness in relation to the prevention of childhood obesity, some of the contextual (i.e., media, family), economic (i.e., food and diet industries), environmental (i.e., poverty), biological (i.e., metabolism), behavioural (i.e., sleep), and cultural (i.e., ethnicity) correlates of obesity are not reviewed. Boutelle KN, Hannan P, Fulkerson JA, Crow SJ, Stice E. Obesity as a prospective predictor of depression in adolescent females. Risk of anxiety and/or depressive disorders by gender. 2022 Aug 18;9(8):1244. doi: 10.3390/children9081244. An official website of the United States government. Helseth S, Haraldstad K, Christophersen KA. 2020 Nov;138:110320. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110320. Information on SES was collected from the Longitudinal Integration database for Health Insurance and Labour Market studies, and information on anxiety and depression among the study subjects and their parents was collected from the National Patient Register and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Child obesity and mental health: A complex interaction. The register does not include any information on children/adolescents with obesity who decline registration. Testing standard and modular designs for psychotherapy treating depression, anxiety, and conduct problems in youth: a randomized effectiveness trial. 1). 2013;27(2):11727. 2002;110(3):497504. Thus, screening for, and treatment of, these conditions is of great importance. Assessment of the emotional effect of overweight and obesity on a child's self-esteem and self-concept found younger children, girls, and those with little control over eating suffered the greatest consequences. To assess HRQoL, somatoform complaints, and behavioral difficulties, we applied the KIDSCREEN-27, a short form of the Giessen Complaints Questionnaire, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Children | Free Full-Text | The Developing Brain: Considering the Adjusted analyses showed that the association between obesity in childhood and the risk of anxiety and depression was attenuated by neuropsychiatric disorders in both sexes (test for interaction p<0.001, data not shown). Clinical endocrinology. The Association between Obesity and Depression among Children and the Role of Family: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry. The comparison subjects were matched to children with obesity on demographic variables, and several confounders were accounted for when estimating risks. For this purpose, we used detailed and prospectively collected population-based data on a large group of children and adolescents with and without obesity. [59] were the first researchers to examine weight status and concern about weight and shape in relation to psychological outcomes. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. We conclude with a number of recommendations to support the creation of solutions to the rise in childhood obesity rates that do not further marginalize overweight and obese children and youth and that can potentially improve the well-being of all children and youth regardless of their weight status. Legend: Grey triangles represent the obesity cohort, and black squares represent the comparison group. World Health Organization. Objective: This large population-based study of US children considered the association of obesity with a broad range of comorbidities. http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-625-x/2010001/article/11090-eng.htm, http://www.aedweb.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Advocacy&Template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=1659, http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/hp-ps/hl-mvs/framework-cadre/pdf/ccofw-eng.pdf. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Interaction of age with associations between BMI-SDS and behavioral difficulties (panel a: Peer relationship problems in 1186 children between 4 and 10 years, panel b: Conduct problems in 1042 children and adolescents between 11 and 18 years). Keyword combinations are listed in Table 1. In children, the BMI is plotted on growth charts for interpretation relative to a healthy reference population and percentiles are then used to define obese (>95th percentile) and overweight (>85 percentile) [2]. self-reported data on anthropometry [6, 7] and assessment of anxiety/depressive symptoms based on questionnaires [8,9,10,11]. Methods: The main purpose of the register is quality assessment and long-term monitoring of obesity treatment in children and adolescents [19]. 1 and Additionalfile1). In addition to triggering body dissatisfaction and disordered eating, weight-based teasing has been linked to suicide attempts [23], implicated as a predictor of depressive symptoms [50], positively associated with anxiety, loneliness, social isolation, and parent reports of internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems [56] and experiences of shame [57] and negatively associated with physical activity [56]. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Descriptive statistics of children and adolescents with obesity (n=12,507). Examining the etiology of childhood obesity: the idea study. The prevalence of obesity and overweight among children has shown dramatic increases over the past 25 years [3]. QOL shows potential as an outcome measure to quantify the impact of overweight/obesity on overall functioning and as a tool for planning appropriate interventions and protocols [51] that considers the whole child, as well as the health and wellness of all children, regardless of weight status.