Although by 1988 youths from middle-class families were being increasingly called on to complete their military service, those from wealthy families continued to evade the obligatory service requirement. )other alcohols: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Colombia - Military Personnel - GlobalSecurity.org Between 1985 and September 2017, nearly 7.6 million persons have been internally displaced, the highest total in the world. Colombia Military Stats: NationMaster.com Military service age and obligation: 18-24 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation is 18 months (2019) . )industry: 30.8% (2017 est. )industrial: 360 million cubic meters (2020 est. )9.96% (2019 est. Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama, total: 1,138,910 sq kmland: 1,038,700 sq kmwater: 100,210 sq kmnote: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, and Serrana Bank, slightly less than twice the size of Texas, total: 6,672 kmborder countries (5): Brazil 1,790 km; Ecuador 708 km; Panama 339 km; Peru 1,494 km; Venezuela 2,341 km, 3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km), territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands, flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains (Llanos), highest point: Pico Cristobal Colon 5,730 mlowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 mmean elevation: 593 m, petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower, agricultural land: 37.5% (2018 est. Afro-Colombian and indigenous populations are disproportionately affected. )note: data cover general government debt, and includes debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data include debt issued by subnational entities, -$17.621 billion (2021 est. Afghanistan not available note: the Taliban dismissed nearly all women from the former Afghan Government security forces, except those serving in detention facilities and assisting with body searches Albania ), -1.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. )exports: 251 million kWh (2020 est. )72.7% of GDP (2019 est. ), total: 31.2 yearsmale: 30.2 yearsfemale: 32.2 years (2020 est. Military service age and obligation: 18-24 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; service obligation - 18 months (2004) Manpower available for military service: . This succeeded in part because this "obligation" was only applied to the most impoverished ethnicities and to the . The process of scrapping obligatory military service would be gradual until complete abolition in 2030. The military service law stipulated that all Colombian males, upon reaching eighteen years of age, were obliged to present themselves for military service. )refined petroleum consumption: 352,400 bbl/day (2019 est. )arable land: 1.4% (2018 est. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 17.2% (2013 est. However, the methods used to fill the ranks of those armed forces vary from one country to the next. obliged to present themselves for military service. )female: 4.6% (2020 est. Colombian males maintained a military service obligation until reaching fifty years of age. )3.1% of GDP (2018 est. ), total subscriptions: 75 million (2021 est. )methane emissions: 81.52 megatons (2020 est. Military service age and obligation - The World Factbook (male 2,367,369/female 3,005,494), total dependency ratio: 43.5youth dependency ratio: 31elderly dependency ratio: 12.5potential support ratio: 8 (2021 est. ), number of registered air carriers: 12 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 157annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 33,704,037 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 1,349,450,000 (2018) mt-km, 121note: paved runways have a concrete or asphalt surface but not all have facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control; the length of a runway required for aircraft to safely operate depends on a number of factors including the type of aircraft, the takeoff weight (including passengers, cargo, and fuel), engine types, flap settings, landing speed, elevation of the airport, and average maximum daily air temperature; paved runways can reach a length of 5,000 m (16,000 ft.), but the typical length of a commercial airline runway is between 2,500-4,000 m (8,000-13,000 ft.), 715note: unpaved runways have a surface composition such as grass or packed earth and are most suited to the operation of light aircraft; unpaved runways are usually short, often less than 1,000 m (3,280 ft.) in length; airports with unpaved runways often lack facilities for refueling, maintenance, or air traffic control, 4,991 km gas, 6,796 km oil, 3,429 km refined products (2013), total: 2,141 km (2019)standard gauge: 150 km (2019) 1.435-m gaugenarrow gauge: 1,991 km (2019) 0.914-m gauge, 24,725 km (2019) (18,225 km navigable; the most important waterway, the River Magdalena, of which 1,092 km is navigable, is dredged regularly to ensure safe passage of cargo vessels and container barges), total: 148by type: general cargo 28, oil tanker 12, other 108 (2022), major seaport(s): Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean) - Cartagena, Santa Marta, TurboPacific Ocean - Buenaventuraoil terminal(s): Covenas offshore terminalcontainer port(s) (TEUs): Buenaventura (1,082,746), Cartagena (3,343,810) (2021)river port(s): Barranquilla (Rio Magdalena)dry bulk cargo port(s): Puerto Bolivar (coal)Pacific Ocean - Buenaventura, Military Forces of Colombia (Fuerzas Militares de Colombia): National Army (Ejercito Nacional), Republic of Colombia Navy (Armada Republica de Colombia, ARC; includes Coast Guard), Colombian Air Force (Fuerza Aerea de Colombia, FAC); Colombian National Police (PNC; civilian force that is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense) (2023), 3% of GDP (2022 est. There are various faces of militarization in Colombia. 216) Should the initiative be approved in four more debates, article 216 of the country's Constitution would be modified to read: "The Public Armed Forces will be made up exclusively of the Military and National Police. )government consumption: 14.8% (2017 est. ), deforestation resulting from timber exploitation in the jungles of the Amazon and the region of Choc; illicit drug crops grown by peasants in the national parks; soil erosion; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions, party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whalingsigned, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, particulate matter emissions: 15.24 micrograms per cubic meter (2016 est. )percent of population: 73% (2021 est. BOLIVIA, Colombia (AP) Dressed in camouflage, Zulma Stefania D thought on her first few of training at an service base in the capital and on her life how of of Colombia's first female recruits included more than two decades. )on alcohol and tobacco: 3% of household expenditures (2018 est. South Korea amended its compulsory conscription law in 2020 to enable globally relevant entertainers such as K-pop group BTS, whose members would soon be forced to quit the group to serve their time in the military, to defer their 18-21 months of service until age 30. Enter your email below, and you'll receive this table's data in your inbox momentarily. Colombia: Military service, including recruitment age, length of service, justification fork exemption furthermore the possible of performing a exchange service (2006-July 2012) . Military obligations Reaching the age of legal majority abroad - your military obligations You are a Swiss citizen living abroad, registered with your family at a Swiss representation and have reached the age of 18, the legal majority age in Switzerland, while abroad. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 95.6%male: 95.4%female: 95.9% (2020), total: 14 yearsmale: 14 yearsfemale: 15 years (2020), total: 26.4%male: 21.9%female: 32.8% (2021 est. The accord calls for members of the FARC to demobilize, disarm, and reincorporate into society and politics. )$51.324 billion (2019 est. )permanent crops: 1.6% (2018 est. Service obligation varies by educational qualification. Spanish (official) and 65 Amerindian languagesmajor-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informacin bsica. Colombia Military 2008 - Military Expenditures, Military Branches Even with the Colombian Governments December 2016 peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), the risk of displacement remains as other rebel groups fill the void left by the FARC. )3.52% (2019 est.). House resolution H.R. the Colombian military inventory includes a wide mix of equipment from a variety of suppliers, including Brazil, Canada, Europe, Israel, South Korea, and the US; Germany, Israel, and the US . )$681.844 billion (2020 est. )3,280.832 (2019 est. During the early 1980s, an attempt was made to enforce more uniformly the military service obligation, regardless of socioeconomic standing. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The military service law stipulated that all Colombian males, upon reaching eighteen years of age, were obliged to present themselves for military service. The Colom- bian military is composed of three branches: the Army, Navy and the Air Force. )proven reserves: 4.554 billion metric tons (2019 est. Those males over the age of thirty who had fulfilled their service requirement were considered . Primary methods of recruitment include the following: The United States has the highest defense spending budget of any country, despite the fact that fewer than 1% of its citizens actively serve in the military. 0-14 years: 22.45% (male 5,663,590/female 5,413,209)15-64 years: 66.66% (male 16,066,724/female 16,820,068)65 years and over: 10.89% (2023 est.) Colombia Military Definitions Air force > Combat aircraft : Number of fighter aircrafts (fixed wing aircrafts with combat capability). Colombia Military service age and obligation - Military - IndexMundi note: data are in current year dollars$51.312 billion (2020 est.) )3% of GDP (2020 est. ), $14,600 (2021 est. )imports: 1.302 billion kWh (2020 est. ), household consumption: 68.2% (2017 est. However, it was still waiting to advance as of Nov 2021. PDF Colombian Military Forces - arsof-history.org ), total: 8.5% (2020 est. Explaining the worldwide decline in the length of mandatory military )consumption: 69,856,680,000 kWh (2019 est. While mandatory military service has been, historically, one of the key antimilitarist struggles, there are a variety of other forms of militarisation also taking place. ), electrification - total population: 97% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 100% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 86% (2019), installed generating capacity: 19.769 million kW (2020 est. ), 15.06 births/1,000 population (2023 est. ), total: 7,764,772 (2020 est. ), production: 51.395 million metric tons (2020 est. Militarization in Colombia in the post-agreement era Colombia - Conscription and Military Service - ALLRefer Colombia - Conscription and Military Service - Women enlist in Colombia Venezuelas political and economic crisis since 2015, however, has created a reverse flow, consisting largely of Colombians returning home. Compulsory military service has declined considerably since 1970. Following to regulations related to a "legislative act," however, the bill mute possess to undergo eight debates since its final approval. )71.65% of GDP (2018 est. Military service for women is only obligatory "when the situation in the country demands it, and the National Government declares this."13 According to article 11, military service lasts between 12 and 24 months. ), approximately 260,000 total active troops (200,000 Army; 45,000 Navy, including about 20,000 marines; 14,000 Air Force); approximately 180,000 National Police (2022), the military's inventory includes a wide mix of equipment from a variety of suppliers, including Canada, Europe, Israel, South Korea, and the US; the US has been the top provider in recent years; Colombia's defense industry is active in producing air, land, and naval platforms (2023), 18-24 years of age for compulsory (men) and voluntary (men and women) military service; conscript service obligation is 18 months; conscripted soldiers reportedly include regular soldiers (conscripts without a high school degree), drafted high school graduates (bachilleres), and rural (campesino) soldiers who serve in their home regions (2023)note 1: conscripts reportedly comprise about 50% of the Colombian military's active force with more than 50,000 conscripts brought into the military annuallynote 2: the Colombian military first incorporated women in 1976 in administrative positions; women were incorporated as non-commissioned officers in 1983 and officers in 2009; women comprise about 1% of the military, the Colombian military is responsible for defending and maintaining the countrys independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity but also has an internal security role, which includes protecting the civilian population, as well as private and state-owned assets, and ensuring a secure environment; the militarys primary focus is the conduct of counternarcotics, counterterrorism, and counterinsurgency operations against drug traffickers, several factions of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and the insurgent/terrorist group National Liberation Army (ELN); the Colombian Government signed a peace agreement with the FARC in 2016, but some former members (known as dissidents) have returned to fighting (note - these dissident groups include the US-designated foreign terrorist groups Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army or FARC-EP and Segunda Marquetalia; see Appendix T); in 2017, the Colombian Government initiated formal peace talks with the ELN, but it officially ended the talks shortly after the ELN exploded a car bomb at the National Police Academy in Bogota in January 2019; operations against the FARC dissident groups and the ELN continued into 2023, although the Colombian Government resumed talks with the ELN in November 2022 and began exploratory talks with the FARC-EP and Segunda Marquetalia; a 6-month cease-fire agreement was reached with the ELN in June 2023; the military is also focused on the security challenges posed by its neighbor, Venezuela, where instability has attracted narcotics traffickers, and both the ELN and FARC dissidents operate openly; Colombia shares a 1,370-mile (2,200 km) border with Venezuela; ELN and FARC insurgents have also used neighboring Ecuador to rest, resupply, and shelterthe Colombian National Army is one of the largest and most experienced ground forces in the Western Hemisphere, having spent decades conducting operations against insurgents and terrorist groups; it has also kept a small battalion (about 250-300 troops) in the Sinai Peninsula with the Multinational Observer Force since 1980; the Armys primary focus is ongoing operations against the ELN, FARC dissidents, and other illegal armed groups, which are challenged by difficult topography and long and porous land borders; the Air Force and Navy play a role in the counterinsurgency campaign but their participation is minor in comparison to the Army; the Army is largely configured for flexible and mobile counterinsurgency operations with 1 mechanized and 7 light infantry divisions; the light infantry divisions are not uniformly structured and typically include a mix of conventional infantry and specialized air mobile, counterinsurgency, jungle, mountain, and security brigades; some divisions may also have special task forces for anti-kidnapping, counternarcotics, or urban operations; the Army also has a special forces division, a rapid deployment force (Fuerza de Despliegue Rpido or FUDRA) comprised of special forces and counterinsurgency brigades, and an air assault division with aviation and light infantry/air mobile forces; the National Police works with the Army against illegal armed groups and has a variety of specialized forces, including commandos, quick reaction, counterterrorism, counternarcotics, motorized, and anti-riot (Escuadron Mvil Antidisturbios, or ESMAD) unitsthe Navy is responsible for security in Colombias waters in the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Oceans, the countrys extensive network of rivers, and a few small land areas under its direct jurisdiction; it takes part in multinational naval exercises, and over the past decade has undertaken efforts to modernize; its principal warships are 4 frigates, 6 corvettes, ocean-going, or offshore patrol ships, and 4 attack submarines, which are supplemented by dozens of coastal and riverine patrol craft; the Navy also has a 22,000-man marine force comprised of 5 marine/riverine infantry brigades and a special forces brigade, as well as a small aviation force; the Air Force has an air defense role, but also supports the Armys counterinsurgency operations; it has a mix of about 50 fighters and ground attack combat aircraft, plus reconnaissance, electronic warfare, logistical, and training fixed-wing aircraft, as well as approximately 100 multirole helicoptersColombia has close security ties with the US, including joint training, military assistance, and designation in 2022 as a Major Non-NATO Ally, which provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense, trade, and security cooperation; it also has close ties with some regional neighbors, such as Argentina, Chile, and Peru; Colombian military and security forces have training programs with their counterparts from a variety of countries, mostly those from Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean; security ties with Ecuador and Venezuela have been challenged by the presence of narcotics traffickers, ELN, and FARC dissidents in the border regions (2023), the International Maritime Bureau reported no incidents in 2022 in the territorial waters of Colombia; there remains a risk for armed robbery against ships particularly in the main port of Cartagena while ships are berthed or at anchor, National Liberation Army (ELN); Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia - People's Army (FARC-EP); Segunda Marquetalianote: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, in December 2007, ICJ allocated San Andres, Providencia, and Santa Catalina islands to Colombia under 1928 Treaty but did not rule on 82 degrees W meridian as maritime boundary with Nicaragua; managed dispute with Venezuela over maritime boundary and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics, guerrilla, and paramilitary activities penetrate all neighboring borders and have caused Colombian citizens to flee mostly into neighboring countries; Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica, and the US assert various claims to Bajo Nuevo and Serranilla Bank, refugees (country of origin): 1,842,390 (Venezuela) (economic and political crisis; includes Venezuelans who have claimed asylum, are recognized as refugees, or received alternative legal stay) (2022)IDPs: 6,834,492 (conflict between government and illegal armed groups and drug traffickers since 1985) (2022)stateless persons: 11 (2022), Colombia is the worlds top cocaine producer and exporter; is a source of heroin and marijuana; coca cultivation estimated at 234,000 hectares (ha) in 2021; pure cocaine production decreased to 972 metric tons in 2021; a major source of precursor or essential chemicals used in the production of illicit narcotics, total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI).