Marrakesh was taken, lost and retaken by force multiple times by a stream of caliphs and pretenders, such as during the brutal seizure of Marrakesh by the Sevillan caliph Abd al-Wahid II al-Ma'mun in 1226, which was followed by a massacre of the Almohad tribal sheikhs and their families and a public denunciation of Ibn Tumart's doctrines by the caliph from the pulpit of the Kasbah Mosque. [72] The "silvery valley of the Ourika river curving north towards Marrakesh", and the "red heights of Jebel Yagour still capped with snow" to the south are sights in this area. An oasis in the middle of the city. A 19th-century pavilion stands at the edge of the reservoir. Grand Caf de la Poste "I don't mind Caf de la Poste . Kefta (mince meat), liver in crpinette, merguez and tripe stew are commonly sold at the stalls of Jemaa el-Fnaa. Every single client and almost every single project is different Theres no limitation, Mr. Rawlings said. [209], The Thtre Royal de Marrakesh, the Institut Franais and Dar Chrifa are major performing arts institutions in the city. [48] Under the Saadian dynasty, Marrakesh experienced a golden age,[49] and regained its former position as a point of contact for caravan routes from the Maghreb, the Mediterranean and sub-Saharan Africa. The restored old mansion exhibits historical photos of Morocco, and its shady roof terrace provides quiet and . Thuya craft products are made of caramel coloured thuya, a conifer indigenous to Morocco. [162][163] Many of these mausoleums also serve as the focus of their own zawiyas (Sufi religious complexes with mosques), including: the Zawiya and mosque of Sidi Bel Abbes (the most important of them),[164] the Zawiya of al-Jazuli, the Zawiya of Sidi Abdellaziz, the Zawiya of Sidi Yusuf ibn Ali, and the Zawiya of Sidi al-Ghazwani (also known as Moulay el-Ksour). It has the footprint, location, and raw beauty to become something very special indeed. Mouassine is one of the most upmarket areas of the Medina containing a number of the highest rated Riads in the whole of Morocco. You can find Dar Cherifa in a small derb (cul de sal, dead end) next to Bougainvillier caf. The exact meaning of the name is debated. [67] In November 2016 the city hosted the 2016 United Nations Climate Change Conference. [106][107] Mansouri became the second woman in the history of Morocco to obtain a mayoral position, after Asma Chaabi, mayor of Essaouira[106] and was elected to serve as Marrakech's mayor for a second term in September 2021. Since I am a regular in Morocco I have by now tried and tested quite a few riads in the Marrakech medina, however, I am constantly looking for new . Crafts employ a significant percentage of the population, who primarily sell their products to tourists. Dar Cherifa is located in Mouassine street. [173] The 231-room hotel,[174] which contains a casino, was refurbished in 1986 and again in 2007 by French designer Jacques Garcia. Hidden in Marrakech's Old Medina, Historic Riads Await Restoration Although labor costs are low in Morocco, traditional materials are expensive. [19][21], In recent years there has been a surge of interest in using traditional Moroccan houses as part of the country's tourism industry. Many of the souks sell items like carpets and rugs, traditional Muslim attire, leather bags, and lanterns. [citation needed], The historic wealth of the city is manifested in palaces, mansions and other lavish residences. The riad is nothing if not traditional. Renovated with the greatest care and attention to detail, with the participation of renowned craftsmen so as to maintain its authenticity and splendour, Dar Cherifa welcomes all visitors eager to meet new and interesting people. [43] The city then fell into a state of decline, which soon led to the loss of its status as capital to rival city Fez. [185][186][187] It exhibits a variety of objects of Amazigh (Berber) culture from across different regions of Morocco. [103], Marrakesh, the regional capital, constitutes a prefecture-level administrative unit of Morocco, Marrakech Prefecture, forming part of the region of Marrakech-Safi. Also next to it is the Koubba Baadiyn or Almoravid Koubba, a rare architectural remnant of the Almoravid period which was excavated and restored in the 20th century. [155] It consists of two main structures, each with several rooms, standing within a garden enclosure. They are the most authentic accommodation options for travelers who want to experience the country's culture and history on a more immersive level, and can be found in the old . [131] Bab Aghmat is one of the city's main southern gates, located east of the Jewish and Muslim cemeteries and near the tomb of Ali ibn Yusuf. The city taught me color. It was created in 1558 by the Saadians at the site where the sultan's stables were. Average temperatures range from 12C (54F) in the winter to 2630C (7986F) in the summer. [61][62] Expatriates, especially those from France, have invested heavily in Marrakesh since the 1960s and developed many of the riads and palaces. A second version of the mosque was entirely rebuilt by Abd al-Mu'min around 1158, with Ya'qub al-Mansur possibly finalizing construction of the minaret around 1195. [84], According to the 2014 census, the population of Marrakesh was 928,850 against 843,575 in 2004. [116], Historically this square was used for public executions by rulers who sought to maintain their power by frightening the public. You can sip tea by the fire in the first-floor salon, feast on traditional tagines and couscous in the red dining room, and laze around down in the bhou a built-in sofa beneath the inglenook-style beams. [5]:404[6][1] The ancient Roman city of Volubilis also provided reference for the beginnings of domestic architecture during the Idrisid Dynasty in Morocco. With 130,000 hectares of greenery and over 180,000 palm trees in its Palmeraie, Marrakesh is an oasis of rich plant variety. Three doubles and three triples are comfortable and unfussy rooms, but the real lure is a series of roof terraces, where you can take it all in without leaving the lounger. The square attracted dwellers from the surrounding desert and mountains to trade here, and stalls were raised in the square from early in its history. The psychiatric hospital installed by the Merinid Caliph Ya'qub al-Mansur in the 16th century was described by the historian 'Abd al-Wahfd al- Marrakushi as one of the greatest in the world at the time. [54] France used the event as a pretext for sending its troops from the eastern Moroccan town of Oujda to the major metropolitan center of Casablanca in the west. [134] Bab er Robb is the other main southern exit from the city, located near Bab Agnaou. Some sources including the ArchNet, a collaborative digital humanities project focused on Islamic architecture, say that the Tarikhaneh Mosque is the oldest . Most have been torn down and rebuilt many times over the centuries. I think its a very inclusive place, which is also part of the charm., The main challenge is finding the right property. The city contains the Circuit International Automobile Moulay El Hassan a race track which hosts the World Touring Car Championship and from 2017 FIA Formula E. The Marrakech Marathon is also held here. [239], The main road network within and around Marrakesh is well paved. Bab Agnaou was renovated and its opening reduced in size during the rule of sultan Mohammed ben Abdallah.[130]. Everyone fortunate enough to visit this building says that they breathe an atmosphere of peace and serenity the minute they cross the threshold. In the early 16th century, Marrakesh again became the capital of Morocco, after a period when it was the seat of the Hintata emirs. The name of the city and the country diverged after the Treaty of Fez divided Morocco into a French protectorate in Morocco and Spanish protectorate in Morocco, and the old interchangeable usage lasted widely until about the interregnum of Mohammed Ben Aarafa (19531955). Characterized by white-washed tombs and sandy graves,[167] the cemetery is within the Medina on land adjacent to the Mellah. Gnaoua music's rhythm and crescendo take the audience into a mood of trance; the style is said to have emerged in Marrakesh and Essaouira as a ritual of deliverance from slavery. The owner, Abdellatif At Ben Abdallah, now has several hotels under his belt, as well as the iconic Dar Cherifa literary caf and Dar Zellij, one of the best restaurants in town for traditional Moroccan fine dining. It is meant only as an approximation based on the latest information available and should not be relied upon for any other purposes. [140] The garden, open to the public since 1947, has a large collection of plants from five continents including cacti, palms and bamboo. Amsterdam: KIT Publishers. The Crie Berbre, to the northeast of this market, is noted for its dark Berber carpets and rugs. The mosque was founded in 1147 by the Almohad caliph Abd al-Mu'min. Riad Sakkan, on the other hand, takes you down a different path. This boutique riad hotel is in Mouassine, the oldest and most traditional neighbourhood in Marrakech, and is only a short walk from the souk entrance. When youre not taking a dip to the sound of bird song, head up to the roof terrace where a wooded dining area presents the perfect spot to enjoy a freshly prepared breakfast of Moroccan pancakes with local yogurt and jams. Ad Choices. Riads take their name from the Arabic word for garden. She bought it, and although the renovation took four years, she now finds herself at the heart of Riad Laaroussa the hottest spot in the medina for new restaurants and boutique-souk shopping. Theres a dramatic dining room, with a table to seat 38. [101][102] The majority of these animals suffer from poor welfare conditions in these stalls. In 1985, UNESCO declared the old town area of Marrakesh a UNESCO World Heritage Site, raising international awareness of the cultural heritage of the city. Its a great place to curl up on a sofa and do nothing, yet just minutes from the main souks and a short cab ride into the Ville Nouvelle. Riad Losra is located in the northern part of the Old Town, tucked just a short distance inside its walls. One 500-square-meter riad of a similar age currently on Mr. Rawlings books, an Andalusian-style courtyard palace with a traditional rose garden, central fountain, mud-brick walls and original tiling, is priced at 4.5 million Moroccan dirhams (US$490,000). [1] Its origin is generally attributed to Persian gardens that spread during the Islamic period. The riad has a spa and a restaurant, all with a relaxed home-away-from-home approach. In 2010, a major gas explosion occurred in the city. You can do anything. The gate was called Bab al Kohl (the word kohl also meaning "black") or Bab al Qsar (palace gate) in some historical sources. The conquest was facilitated by the rallying of the Imzwarn tribes and their leaders from the powerful Glaoui family, leading to a massacre of Marrakesh citizens in the resulting turmoil. [131][52] It provides access to roads leading to the mountain towns of Amizmiz and Asni. Japanese Dutch Medina of Marrakesh (Morocco) UNESCO Outstanding Universal Value Brief synthesis Founded in 1070-1072 by the Almoravids (1056-1147), capital of the Almohads (1147-1269), Marrakesh was, for a long time, a major political, economic and cultural centre of the western Muslim world, reigning in North Africa and Andalusia. Elaborate filigree work in the spa at the Royal Mansour Hotel in Marrakech, Morocco [135] The water reservoirs for both gardens were supplied with water through an old hydraulic system known as khettaras, which conveyed water from the foothills of the nearby Atlas Mountains. Riads in Marrakech are a great place to stay on your holiday, offering an authentic experience, the surroundings surpassing a standard hotel where you could be in any country. [238], The Marrakesh railway station is linked by several trains running daily to other major cities in Morocco such as Casablanca, Tangiers, Fez, Meknes and Rabat. Dar Cherifa is now a charming literary cafe with Art Exhibitions and Cultural evenements and small restaurant. Marrakesh is 580km (360mi) southwest of Tangier, 327km (203mi) southwest of Rabat, 239km (149mi) south of Casablanca, and 246km (153mi) northeast of Agadir. Look no further. Roof terraces with high walls are also common. [88] Royal Ranches Marrakech, one of Gulf Finance House's flagship projects in Morocco, is a 380 hectares (940 acres) resort under development in the suburbs and one of the world's first five star Equestrian Resorts. [214] The Marrakech Bienniale was established in 2004 by Vanessa Branson as a cultural festival in various disciplines, including visual arts, cinema, video, literature, performing arts, and architecture. The riad is one of two main types of traditional Moroccan houses, often with two or more stories around an interior symmetrical garden centered around a fountain. [202][206] The Yves Saint Laurent Museum, opened in 2017 in a new building near the Jardin Majorelle, displays a collection of work spanning the career of French fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent. The medina has at least eight main historic gates: Bab Doukkala, Bab el-Khemis, Bab ad-Debbagh, Bab Aylan, Bab Aghmat, Bab er-Robb, Bab el-Makhzen and Bab el-'Arissa. Real estate and hotel development in Marrakesh have grown dramatically in the 21st century. Riad Kasbah & Spa (Best Riad Spa Outside the Medina) Boasting a therapeutic spa and impeccable design, Riad Kasbah & Spa (9.5) is one of the best luxury riads in Marrakech. [235] Roughly 5000 runners turn out for the event annually. Riad O2. Any information published by Cond Nast Traveler is not intended as a substitute for medical advice, and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Photograph: Alan Keohane/still-images.net. Jnan Amar Polo Club is located in Tameslouht, near Marrakech. After a day exploring the souks there are several nooks and hideaways for relaxing and enjoying a quiet cup of mint tea, or you can book in for a treatment at the hammam and spa. In the last decade, they have taken on a new lease of life thanks to interest from foreign buyers looking for second homes or properties to transform into boutique hotels. The mountain range runs along the Atlantic coast, then rises to the east of Agadir and extends northeast into Algeria before disappearing into Tunisia. The road from Marrakesh to Settat, a 146km (91mi) stretch, was inaugurated by King Mohammed VI in April 2007, completing the 558km (347mi) highway to Tangiers. There were, however, extraordinary views of the Koutoubia minaret. [243], Marrakesh has long been an important centre for healthcare in Morocco, and the regional rural and urban populations alike are reliant upon hospitals in the city. [36][37] The Kasbah housed the center of government and the residence of the caliph, a title borne by the Almohad rulers to rival the eastern Abbasid Caliphate. le Roi lance d'importants projets destins la prservation du patrimoine historique de l'ancienne mdina de Marrakech et au renforcement de sa vocation touristique", "Confluence Museum (Dar El Pacha) in Marrakech, an exhibition of Islamic art in Marrakech, an exhibition of historical and archaeological data in Marrakech", "Afrique, Asie, Amrique du Sud au Muse des Confluences", "Muse Tiskiwin | Marrakesh, Morocco Attractions", "Muse Boucharouite | Marrakesh, Morocco Attractions", "Muse du Parfum | Marrakesh, Morocco Attractions", "Dar Bellarj | Marrakesh, Morocco Attractions", "Discover This Flourishing Art Scene On Your Next Trip To Marrakech", "Orientalist Museum | Marrakesh, Morocco Attractions", "Muse Yves Saint Laurent | Marrakesh, Morocco Attractions", "Marrakech Folklore Days | Marrakech celebrating cultural heritage of world", "Morocco expands hospital services with US$8 million OPEC Fund loan", "Marrakech attack, terrorist act resulting from strong explosion caused by an explosive device", "H.M. the king inaugurates regional psychiatry hospital in Marrakech", "HM the King launches relocation operation of military installations in Marrakech", Best Places To Visit in Marrakesh, Morocco, The Superior School of Visual Arts of Marrakech, Museum of Photography (Maison de la Photographie), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marrakesh&oldid=1161170962, Populated places established in the 11th century, Articles with incomplete citations from May 2021, Articles with dead external links from July 2021, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, This page was last edited on 21 June 2023, at 02:55. A traditional Moroccan Riad is a home with multiple stories centered around an open-air courtyard with a fountain. This inward focus was expressed with a centrally placed interior garden or courtyard, and the lack of large windows on the exterior walls of rammed earth or mud brick. [193] The museum holds temporary exhibits highlighting different facets of Moroccan culture[194] as well as various art objects from different cultures across the world. The red walls of the city, built by Ali ibn Yusuf in 11221123, and various buildings constructed in red sandstone afterwards, have given the city the nickname of the "Red City" ( Almadinat alhamra') or "Ochre City" (ville ocre). The 9 Best Cafes In Marrakech, Morocco - Culture Trip Over there, when it gets old you just tear it down and build a new one, so ours is 15 years old now, said Mr. Capel, a chef. The walls of the riads could be adorned with tadelakt plaster, stucco decoration, and zellij tiles, sometimes with Arabic calligraphy and quotes from the Quran. An expansive lounge has deep sofas, a dining area and a vast fireplace, but the piece de resistance is the galleried outdoor chillout zone with its L-shaped pool. Entry for 'Marrakesh'. All your ideas are possible. Mud brick needs yearly maintenance. Morocco Travel Guide: What is a Riad? - TripSavvy Its arranged around a central courtyard shaded by bitter-orange trees (for making marmalade). He worked with local craftsmen and artisans to carry out the necessary renovations, which included tearing down and replacing old mud-brick walls, removing the intricate carved wooden ceilings to replace the water-damaged roofing above and redoing traditional decorative elements including tadelakt, a local lime plaster that can be polished to a high shine, and zellij tiling, a kind of intricate mosaic-work. [94] April 1, 2022 by Allison Green One of the best parts about planning a trip to Morocco is getting to pick out the picture-perfect riads. Blue veiled Tuareg figurines and calligraphy paintings are also popular. Best Riads in Marrakech (Budget: Under $60 per night) Riad Losra Riad Losra. Seven new buildings were constructed, with a total floor area of 43,000 square metres (460,000sqft). [125], The ramparts of Marrakesh, which stretch for some 19 kilometres (12mi) around the medina of the city, were built by the Almoravids in the 12th century as protective fortifications. [175] In March 2012, Accor opened its first Pullman-branded hotel in Marrakech, Pullman Marrakech Palmeraie Resort & Spa. It's. A cultural hotspot, Dar Cherifa is an . It is mainly composed of Jurassic limestone. [52][131] It is one of the city's main gates and features a man-made spring. The in-house chefs, Hanane and Cherifa, host cooking classes (40pp). It has a curious position and layout which may be the result of multiple modifications to the surrounding area over the years. The house makes a calming retreat from the mayhem, with simple bejmat floors (matt terracotta tiles), cream wicker furniture arranged around a teeny-tiny plunge pool, and a plush Moroccan lounge tucked beneath the arches. [53] It was also in 1907 that Dr. Mauchamp, a French doctor, was murdered in Marrakesh, suspected of spying for his country. [131] Bab Aylan is located slightly further south of it. Between 1961 and 1990 the city averaged 281.3 millimetres (11.1in) of precipitation annually. The property had belonged to the Chilean painter Claudio Bravo, who left it to a mutual friend. Marrakesh became the stronghold of the Almohad tribal sheikhs and the ahl ad-dar (descendants of Ibn Tumart), who sought to claw power back from the ruling Almohad family. All five rooms are spacious and uncluttered, with simple platform beds and cool grass mats underfoot. This riad, at its heart, is a creative hub where artists take up months-long residencies to soak up inspiration from Marrakechs fine creatives and work on artistic projects detached from the rest of the world. Akal-n-iguinawen land of the black). [208] More recently, several Marrakesh female music groups have also risen to popularity. Photo by Cultura Obscura. The major highway connecting Marrakesh with Casablanca to the south is A7, a toll expressway, 210km (130mi) in length. Watching the family work in the kitchen looks a little like a scene out of an old Greek film." 42 Riad Zitoun Jdid, 212-6-69-04-11-37. [117] Today the square attracts people from a diversity of social and ethnic backgrounds and tourists from all around the world. [44][45] Thanks to the wealth amassed by the Sultans, Marrakesh was embellished with sumptuous palaces while its ruined monuments were restored. The French colonial army encountered strong resistance from Ahmed al-Hiba, a son of Sheikh Ma al-'Aynayn, who arrived from the Sahara accompanied by his nomadic Reguibat tribal warriors. Creamy, intricately carved plaster makes a statement headboard for a bed, while pastel-colored armchairs and gold velvet banquettes stand out amongst the charcoalbar and sitting room. Its a statement that applies to the bustling streets of Marrakech, as well as the citys ornate riads. [1]:71[5]:404 The era of the Almoravids and their successor dynasties (such as the Almohads, the Marinids, and the Nasrids) was a formative period of Moroccan architecture and of wider Moorish architecture during which the model of the riad garden was perfected and established as a standard feature of interior secular or palace architecture in the region. Doubles from 45 B&B, +212 524 389 864, facebook.com/dardixhuit, This former fortune tellers house, in the north medina, is a luxury boutique in the truest sense. Marrakesh has several universities and schools, including Cadi Ayyad University. We were very happy to buy something where we knew the pipes and the electricity and the walls are pretty new. There was not really anything we liked, he said. Despite the time needed to fully restore a historic riad, Mr. Sardar-Afkhami said hed take on another project in a heartbeat. He advised buyers thinking of purchasing a riad to spend some time in Marrakech, research traditional techniques and talk to others who have undertaken restoration projects before committing. With Mr. Rawlingss help, they found a cozy, contemporary three-story riad with a spacious roof terrace. [177][178] The palace was carefully restored by the Omar Benjelloun Foundation and converted into a museum in 1997. Marrakesh - Wikipedia In 2012, alone, 19 new hotels were scheduled to open, a development boom often compared to Dubai. [10][11][9] The earliest known example of a true riad garden (with a symmetrical four-part division) in Morocco was found in the Almoravid palace built by Ali ibn Yusuf in Marrakesh in the early 12th century, which was part of the older Ksar al-Hajjar fortress. [121] Souk Ableuh contains stalls which specialize in lemons, chilis, capers, pickles, green, red, and black olives, and mint, a common ingredient of Moroccan cuisine and tea. [2] [129] The corner-pieces are embellished with floral decorations. It is one of the only major Marinid-era monuments in the city. [50] The tombs of several renowned figures were moved to Marrakesh to attract pilgrims, and the pilgrimage associated with the seven saints is now a firmly established institution. The origins of the complex date back to the Saadian Dynasty, more than 400 years ago. Youre within a five-minute walk to Jemaa el-Fnaa, the bustling heart of Marrakech, but youd never know it from inside the peaceful walls at Riad Tahyra. [5] Moroccan houses were inward focused, which allowed for family privacy and protection from the weather. The 7 Best Riads in Marrakech, Morocco - Wandering Wheatleys [224] Under the Almoravids, alcohol consumption was common;[225] historically, hundreds of Jews produced and sold alcohol in the city. Urban Walks in Marrakesh, Paris, Rio, Seoul, St. Louis, Sydney and [137][138], The Majorelle Garden, on Avenue Yacoub el Mansour, was at one time the home of the landscape painter Jacques Majorelle. This new faction, composed mainly of Masmuda tribesmen, followed a doctrine of radical reform with Ibn Tumart as the mahdi, a messianic figure. The Slat al-Azama Synagogue (or Lazama Synagogue), built around a central courtyard, is in the Mellah. A protocol giving independence to Morocco was then signed on 2 March 1956 between French Foreign Minister Christian Pineau and MBarek Ben Bakkai.[58]. The Almoravids established the first major structures in the city and shaped its layout for centuries to come. [20] They used Marrakesh as their capital and established its first structures, including mosques and a fortified residence, the Ksar al-Hajjar, near the present-day Kutubiyya Mosque. [195] The Tiskiwin Museum is housed in another restored medina mansion and features a collection of artifacts from across the former the trans-Saharan trade routes that were connected to the city. [108], Since the legislative elections in November 2011, the ruling political party in Marrakesh has, for the first time, been the Justice and Development Party or PDJ which also rules at the national level. A brief history of Moroccan riads - Marrakech Riads | Site Officiel ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.1211 AVE OF THE AMERICAS NEW YORK, NY 10036 | info@mansionglobal.com. 28 rooms. Nor could he resist pressure from France, who agreed to terminate its Moroccan Protectorate in 1956 due to the launch of the Algerian War (19541962) immediately following the end of the war in Indochina (19461954), in which Moroccans had been conscripted to fight in Vietnam on behalf of the French Army. [69] On the P2017 road leading south out of the city are large villages such as Douar Lahna, Touggana, Lagouassem, and Lahebichate, leading eventually through desert to the town of Tahnaout at the edge of the High Atlas, the highest mountainous barrier in North Africa. The riad can be rented exclusively, so its a great option if youre traveling in a group. [232] The construction ordered by Abdallah al-Ghalib was completed in 1565, as attested by the inscription in the prayer room. [57] Glaoui, already known for his amorous adventures and lavish lifestyle, became a symbol of Morocco's colonial order. The city is home to a number of gardens, both historical and modern. Both the Mouassine and Bab Doukkala mosques appear to have been originally designed to anchor the development of new neighbourhoods after the relocation of the Jewish district from this area to the new mellah near the Kasbah. dollars). Staff members are helpful, friendly and professional. The Marrakesh Street Circuit hosts the World Touring Car Championship, Auto GP and FIA Formula Two Championship races. Generally, the Riad is fully enclosed inside, insulated with high-strength, neutral walls and with minimal vents to keep out heat and street noise Riads are also known for their open-ceiling structure. Located in the very heart of the souks, this building is a hidden secret, only found by the discerning and curious visitor, where history is recorded in the delicate tracery of the stucco and skilfully carved wood. "[14], The Marrakesh area was inhabited by Berber farmers from Neolithic times, and numerous stone implements have been unearthed in the area. [232] The Madrasa was constructed by the Saadian Sultan Abdallah al-Ghalib (15571574) in 1564 as the largest and most prestigious madrasa in Morocco.