Justice Woodward's first report in July 1973 recommended that a Central Land Council and a Northern Land Council be established to present to him the views of Aboriginal people. These original inhabitants first arrived in New Guinea at a time (either side of the Last Glacial Maximum, approx 21,000 years ago) when the island was connected to the Australian continent via a land bridge, forming the landmass of Sahul. New Guinea has 284 species and six orders of mammals: monotremes, three orders of marsupials, rodents and bats; 195 of the mammal species (69%) are endemic. GOVERNMENT (Ed.) The NT covers 1,349,129 square kilometres (520,902sqmi), making it the third-largest Australian federal division, and the 11th-largest country subdivision in the world. But under the Australian Constitution, the federal government may set the terms of entry to full statehood. [5][8] The name was promoted in 1945 by Marcus Kaisiepo, brother of Frans Kaisiepo. Pop. The other languages most commonly spoken at home were Kriol (2.2%), Djambarrpuyngu (1.7%), Greek (1.4%) and Nepali (1.3%).[39][36][37]. The Northern Territory shares its borders with Western Australia to the west (129th meridian east), South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east). There is very little rainfall between May and September. One of the largest concentrations of copper in the world is at Tembagapura, about 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Mount Jaya in Papua. 88 no. Alfred Deakin opined at this time "To me the question has been not so much commercial as national, first, second, third and last. Notable birds are the cassowary (a large, flightless bird), the spectacular birds of paradise, and parrots. The northern rivers flow into the Pacific Ocean, the southern rivers into the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Papua. Darwin N.T. N/A, no. Russia-Ukraine war latest: Kremlin may take 'formal control' of Wagner The island, especially the western half, was known to Indonesian and Asian seafarers centuries before it was known to Europeans. Located in Canada, the island covers an area of around 83,897 square miles. [60][61], From 1971, the name Papua New Guinea was used for the Australian territory. New Guinea has a rich diversity of coral life and 1,200 species of fish have been found. 1 32). Large amounts of gold also are produced at Ok Tedi. The other three main islands are Kyushu, Shikoku, and Okinawa Islands. Residents of the Northern Territory are often known simply as "Territorians" and fully as "Northern Territorians". University of Chicago Press, 1998, p. 109, Jackson, Michael. The Mamberamo thus formed reaches the ocean by breaking through the Coastal Mountains. [5] The sultans of Tidore, in the Maluku Islands, claimed sovereignty over various coastal parts of the island. Omissions? There are indications the Kremlin might be trying to take it over, according to a think tank. List of islands by area - Wikipedia The island's frogs are one of the most poorly known vertebrate groups, totalling 282 species, but this number is expected to double or even triple when all species have been documented. [37] Sugarcane was cultivated in New Guinea around 6000 BCE.[38]. Madagascar 3. Bishop Rock is on the Cornwall peninsula. The entire coral area covers 18 million hectares off a peninsula in northwest New Guinea. [36][37], 25.5% of the population, or 58,248 people, identified as Indigenous Australians (Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders) in 2016. The region receives less than 250mm (9.8in) of rain per year. Holiday visitors made up the majority of total visitation (about 792,000 visitors). In 2000, Irian Jaya was formally renamed "The Province of Papua" and a Law on Special Autonomy was passed in 2001. The great arc of islands located north and east of Australia and south of the Equator is called Melanesia (from the Greek words melas, "black," and nsos, "island") for the predominantly dark-skinned peoples of New Guinea island, the Bismarck Archipelago, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu (the New Hebrides), New Caledonia, and Fiji. Geography of Australia Pacific islands STUDY Flashcards Learn Write Spell Test PLAY Match Gravity which country has owns the world's largest number of coral reefs Click card to see definition indonesia Click again to see term 1/85 Created by sripriyak Geography Terms in this set (85) [citation needed], Not all communities are incorporated cities, or towns. There are also five weekly community newspapers. [63] Critics argue that the Indonesian government has been reluctant to establish or issue various government implementing regulations so that the legal provisions of special autonomy could be put into practice, and as a result special autonomy in Papua has "failed". Some of the sealed roads are single-lane bitumen. On average more than 1,570mm (62in) of rain falls in the north. Word Craze is the best version of puzzle word games at the moment. The southern portion of the territory is covered in deserts and xeric shrublands, including the Great Sandy-Tanami desert, Simpson Desert, and Central Ranges xeric scrub. The total length of the river is 1,050 km. The island is divided into two main regions, the western part belonging to Indonesia and the eastern part being an independent country called Papua New Guinea. The first tertiary institution in the territory was the Batchelor Institute of Indigenous Tertiary Education which was established in the mid-1960s. [44] During Tidore's rule, the main exports of the island during this period were resins, spices, slaves and the highly priced feathers of the bird-of-paradise. During the 1950s, the Dutch government began to prepare Netherlands New Guinea for full independence and allowed elections in 1959; the partial elected New Guinea Council took office on 5 April 1961. N.T. The Northern Territory's economy is largely driven by mining, which is concentrated on energy producing minerals, petroleum and energy and contributes around $2.5 billion to the gross state product and employs over 4,600 people. [3][4][5], Anton Ploeg reports that the word papua is often said to be derived from the Malay word papua or pua-pua, meaning "frizzly-haired", referring to the very curly hair of the inhabitants of these areas. There are also some Polynesians, Chinese, and Europeans. When the Dutch colonized this island as part of the Dutch East Indies, they called it Nieuw Guinea. [41] Literature in many of these languages is available in the Living Archive of Aboriginal Languages. "Was Papua New Guinea an Early Agriculture Pioneer?" The eastern half forms the mainland of the country of Papua New Guinea. [46], The economy has grown considerably over the past decade, from a value of $15 billion in 200405 to over $22 billion in 201415. Metropolitan Darwin has had five broadcast television stations: Darwin also has a single open-narrowcast station: Regional Northern Territory has a similar availability of stations: Remote areas are generally required to receive television via the Viewer Access Satellite Television service, which carries the same channels as the regional areas, as well as some extra open-narrowcast services, including Indigenous Community Television and Westlink. [42][43], while 'Sran' had been identified as region of Kowiai, just south of Onin peninsula. ", Report claims secret genocide in Indonesia University of Sydney, "31 people have been killed in West Papua. When world sea levels were low, the two shared shorelines (which now lie 100 to 140 metres below sea level),[17] and combined with lands now inundated into the tectonic continent of Sahul,[18][19] also known as Greater Australia. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. It's one of the longest beaches in Australia and the combination of wide open stretches and bordering sand dunes makes it a popular spot for four-wheel driving. Lion Island, at the entrance to the Hawkesbury River. North America was inhabited for around 12,000 years, discovered at the . New Guinea Coordinates: 530S 14100E New Guinea ( Tok Pisin: Niugini; Hiri Motu: Niu Gini; Indonesian: Papua, fossilized Nugini, [a] or historically Irian) is the world's second-largest island, with an area of 785,753 km 2 (303,381 sq mi). Austronesian-speaking peoples colonized many of the offshore islands to the north and east of New Guinea, such as New Ireland and New Britain, with settlements also on the coastal fringes of the main island in places. Australia has seven bioregions, the largest of which contains its vast interior deserts. Hokkaido is the second-largest island, at 78,511 km 2. In the coolest months of June and July, the daily minimum temperature may dip as low as 14C (57F), but very rarely lower, and frost has never been recorded. [17][18], During World War II, most of the Top End was placed under military government. The Sunday Territorian is the sister paper to the NT News and is the only dedicated Sunday tabloid newspaper in the Northern Territory. [2] The name was politicized later by Corinus Krey,[9] Marthen Indey, Silas Papare, and others with the Indonesian backronym Ikut Republik Indonesia Anti Nederland ("Join the Republic of Indonesia Oppose the Netherlands"). The tide of the sea can have an effect of up to 300 kilometers. Located in Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is separated from Australia by the 150-kilometre (81-nautical-mile; 93-mile) wide Torres Strait, though both landmasses lie on the same continental shelf. The two commercial stations are Hot 100 FM (8HOT) and Mix 104.9 (8MIX). In the 1870s Captain John Moresby of Great Britain surveyed the southeastern coast, and by 1884 the southeastern quadrant of New Guinea had been annexed by Great Britain. km. The mostly lowland Bomberai Peninsula and the more mountainous Doberai Peninsula constitute the extreme northwestern part of the island. It is about 1,500 miles (2,400 km) long (from northwest to southeast) and about 400 miles (650 km) wide at its widest (north to south) part. The summits of the chain are glaciated, and the mountains incorporate extinct volcanoes and elongated, fertile highland basins usually above 4,900 feet (1,490 metres) in elevation. The Monarch is represented by the Administrator of the Northern Territory, who performs a role similar to that of a state governor. Although about two-thirds of Papua New Guineas population is Christian, traditional religious beliefs and rituals are still widely practiced. The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia [6]) is an Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. Besides the capital of Darwin, the major settlements are (in order of size) Palmerston, Alice Springs, Katherine, Nhulunbuy and Tennant Creek. [48] Considering that New Guinea had little economic value for them, the Dutch promoted Tidore as suzerain of Papua. New Guinea is an island to the north of the Australian mainland, south of the equator. Tourism has strong links to other sectors in the economy including accommodation and food services, retail trade, recreation and culture, and transport. Population An estimated 43.5 million people live in Oceania/Australia, about 0.54 % of the world's population (7.8 billion). She replaced Michael Gunner on 13 May 2022. [33], According to the WWF, New Guinea can be divided into twelve terrestrial ecoregions:[34], The WWF and Nature Conservancy divide New Guinea into five freshwater ecoregions:[35], The WWF and Nature Conservancy identify several marine ecoregions in the seas bordering New Guinea:[36], The first inhabitants Indigenous people of New Guinea, from whom the Papuan people are probably descended, adapted to the range of ecologies and, in time, developed one of the earliest known agricultures. In this post we have shared the answer for Second largest island which is located just north of Australia. (2002). Farther inland mangroves are succeeded by nipa palms. the largest Alaska, off-the north westernmost corner of North America, and the state-island of Hawaii in the Pacific. The eastern half of the island is the major land mass of the independent state of Papua New Guinea. The Northern Territory has only one daily tabloid newspaper, News Corporation's Northern Territory News, or NT News. The leading community stations are 104.1 Territory FM (8TOP) and 94.5 Radio Larrakia (8KNB). Ethnic composition is complex among the Papuans, who speak some 700 different languages. Sometimes considered to be the easternmost island of the Indonesian archipelago, it lies north of Australia's Top End, the Gulf of Carpentaria and Cape York Peninsula, and west of the Bismarck Archipelago and the Solomon Islands archipelago. Australia - Wikipedia [21] The federal government of Gough Whitlam set up the Woodward Royal Commission in February 1973, to enquire into how land rights might be achieved in the Northern Territory. Two more Northern Territory islands make it into the top five Australian islands by size, as well. Numerous smaller islands are located to the west and east. The territory was renamed West Irian (Irian Barat) and then Irian Jaya. The energy of the river is used by a power plant near the city of Kainantu. The central highlands are the most densely populated part of the island. ABC stations include Triple J (94.9FM), ABC Classic FM (97.9FM), 783 ABC Alice Springs (783AM) and ABC Radio National (99.7FM). In 1905, the British government transferred some administrative responsibility over southeast New Guinea to Australia (which renamed the area "Territory of Papua"); and, in 1906, transferred all remaining responsibility to Australia. During the three years to 20062007 the Northern Territory gross state product grew by an average annual rate of 5.5%. In 1971 , Christianity was followed by 70.2% of the population and it has been declining since, while percentage of people who identified as having no religious affiliation has increased from 17.9% in 1971 to 38.5% in 2021. Smaller boats can sail 900 km on the river. What Is The Smallest Island in the World? - WorldAtlas The Northern Territory was split into five electorates: Darwin, Alice Springs, Tennant Creek, Batchelor, and Stuart. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. During the late 13th century, when the Scilly Island was under John de-Allet, all convicted felons were taken to the rock and left there with a . It is 1,100 kilometers from the Victor Emanuel Range to the estuary, making it the longest river in New Guinea. Western agronomists still do not understand all of the practices, and it has been noted that native gardeners are as, or even more, successful than most scientific farmers in raising certain crops. The southeast trade winds blow for about seven months each year, and rainfall on the southward-facing slopes of the central highlands frequently exceeds 300 inches (7,620 mm) annually. Study 85 Terms | Pacific islands Flashcards | Quizlet The Largest Countries In The World - WorldAtlas [31][32][33], The Northern Territory's population is the youngest in Australia and has the largest proportion (23.2%) under 15 years of age and the smallest proportion (5.7%) aged 65 and over. . The Northern Territory (commonly abbreviated as NT; formally the Northern Territory of Australia[6]) is an Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. Another major deposit of copper has been developed just inside Papua New Guinea among the headwaters of the Fly River at Ok Tedi. The largest landmass entirely within the Pacific Ocean is the island of New Guinea the second largest island in the world. The Portuguese in 1511 were the first Europeans to sight the island but made no landing until 1527. ", At the 2016 census, the most commonly nominated ancestries were:[N 2][36][37], 31.2% of the population was born overseas at the 2016 census. "placed higher-nation") means "rising spirit" or "to rise". It is named after one of the ships of the English Royal Fleet, which first sailed into the mouth of the river in 1845. Minima ethnographica: Intersubjectivity and the anthropological project. Ethnologue's 14th edition lists 826 languages of Papua New Guinea and 257 languages of Western New Guinea, total 1073 languages, with 12 languages overlapping. Northern Territory schools are either publicly or privately funded. However, the Queensland government's superiors in the United Kingdom revoked the claim, and (formally) assumed direct responsibility in 1884, when Germany claimed north-eastern New Guinea as the protectorate of German New Guinea (also called Kaiser-Wilhelmsland). Current evidence indicates that the Papuans (who constitute the majority of the island's peoples) are descended from the earliest human inhabitants of New Guinea. [67], This article is about the island. The first European contact with New Guinea was by Portuguese and Spanish sailors in the 16th century. Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Department of Education. Frans Kaisiepo, the committee leader, suggested the name from Mansren Koreri myths, Iri-an from the Biak language of Biak Island, meaning "hot land" referring to the local hot climate, but also from Iryan which means heated process as a metaphor for a land that is entering a new era. Rainfall is highest in north-west coastal areas, where rainfall averages from 1,800 to 2,100mm (71 to 83in). [51] When first flown over by aircraft, numerous settlements with agricultural terraces and stockades were observed. Norfolk Island - Wikipedia Based on the Westminster System, it consists of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly which was created in 1974, replacing the Northern Territory Legislative Council. Area island, 317,150 square miles (821,400 square km). In 2020, an international study conducted by a team of 99 experts cataloged 13,634 species representing 1,742 genera and 264 families of vascular plants for New Guinea and its associated islands (Aru Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Louisiade Archipelago), making it the world's most floristically diverse island, surpassing Madagascar (11,488), Borneo (11,165), Java (4,598), and the Philippines (9,432).[32]. The term Papuan languages refers to an areal grouping, rather than a linguistic one, since so-called Papuan languages comprise hundreds of different languages, most of which are not related.[28]. New Guinea is a big island north of Australia. The majority of rainfall occurs between December and March (the southern hemisphere summer), when thunderstorms are common and afternoon relative humidity averages over 70% during the wettest months. Melville Island is one of the Tiwi Islands to the north of Darwin, and has an area of 5,786 square kilometres. Indigenous Australians had struggled for rights to fair wages and land. Remains of this agricultural system, in the form of ancient irrigation systems in the highlands of Papua New Guinea, are being studied by archaeologists. 25 Largest Islands in the World (with Map) - Touropia The southern lowlands are the site of Lorentz National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [20] The two landmasses became separated when the area now known as the Torres Strait flooded after the end of the last glacial period. Pollen studies show that it was adopted during an ancient period of extreme deforestation. The Northern Territory has two distinctive climate zones. The second largest of the Greater Sunda Islands of the Malay Archipelago, Sumatra 's three national parksMount Leuser, Kerinci Seblat, and Bukit Barisan Selatanwere collectively designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2004. Hope (2006). Mining accounts for 14.9% of the gross state product in 201415 compared to just 7% nationally. [citation needed]. [59] The line carries fast freight trains and one passenger train: The Ghan experiential tourism train that runs between Darwin and Adelaide, stopping in the NT at Katherine, Tennant Creek, Alice Springs and Kulgera. . In the visualization, the islands are also tinted, depending on the climate they come from. [52] A 1930 expedition led by the prospector Michael Lehay also encountered an indigenous group in the highlands. Twenty-five members of the Legislative Assembly are elected to four-year terms from single-member electorates. Baffin Island 4. After three failed attempts to establish a settlement (18241828, 18381849, and 18641866), success was achieved in 1869 with the establishment of a settlement at Port Darwin. The river Fly is born near the eastern branches of the Digul. New Guinea is the second largest island in the world, exceeded in size only by Greenland.