EU AI Act: first regulation on artificial intelligence | News Advocacy in Action During the 2021 Virtual Convention, Getting Acquainted With the State Legislative Process, Highlights from Dr. Cardona's Confirmation Hearing to be Secretary of Education, Education and Mental Health in President-Elect Biden's American Rescue Plan, NASP Releases Federal Policy Platform for the 117th Congress and Incoming Biden Administration, 2020 Presidential Election Results: A Promising Future for School Psychology, NASP Outlines Vision for Effective Schools, UASP's Successes through Visibility, Advocacy, and Partnership. It should include a suicide risk assessment as these students are often also suicidal. Washington state schools will join them in 2020-21. The very concept of threat assessment as it is actually implemented, turns the goal of school safety on its head by encouraging school officials to see the students themselves as potential dangers to the school community, rather than valued community members and children worthy of protection. 300.111 Child find Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment | Medicaid, Counseling Not Criminalization in Schools Act of 2021 (HR. Schools using threat assessment still have to abide by federal privacy laws, including the Family and Educational Rights and Privacy Act, but that law does not give students or their families a private right of action if violated. ) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Evaluate the threat. Media inquiries:communications@dpi.nc.gov, An official website of the State of North Carolina, HB 605 Would Provide Threat Assessment Teams in NC Schools, North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, Common Education Data Analysis and Reporting System (CEDARS), School Accountability, Reporting, and Educator Performance, State Superintendent of Public Instruction. The federal government identified additional resources that highlight strategies for school safety. Threat Assessment / Threat Assessment - Loudoun County Public Schools Of these cases, 1,472, or about 10%, reached the highest threat level classification at some point in the threat assessment process. It has been argued that threat assessment protects Black and Brown students and children with disabilities from suspension by overreacting school staff. There are a variety of other for-profit threat-assessment trainers; the U.S. Secret Services National Threat Assessment Center also offers training. Members of the school community can also download this SchoolSafety.gov infographic to learn more about threat assessment and reporting and access a sampling of resources. For both groups, their share of the referred was more than double their share of the enrolled. Threat Assessment and Reporting Threat Assessment and Reporting Identify and address threatening or concerning behaviors before they lead to violence. Threat Assessment in Schools: A Guide to Managing Threatening Troy Fergueson, who oversees those who work in schools. A school resource officer says another student warned him about a fight after school. Much is dependent on context. Increasingly, yes. Occasionally, the Level I process will also involve the Student Threat Assessment Coordinator from Educational Service District 112. The threat assessment process is a means of identifying students who show warning signs for violent behavior, assessing their level of risk, and then deciding what action should be pursued. Scot Peterson, a former school resource officer at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School, looks in the direction of prosecutors during his trial in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., on June 15, 2023. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Draining resources (funds and staff time) from school districts and communities. Although racial/ethnic disparities in school suspension and expulsion rates are sometimes attributed to differential rates of disruptive behavior for Black and Brown students, research shows that Black and Brown students are not more likely than other students to misbehave. Threat assessments of this type provide a way for law enforcement to intervene directly into a students education and the lives of their family members. Thu., July 13, 2023, 2:00 p.m. - 4:30 p.m. Yes. The CSTAG model of threat assessment (pdf) is an approach to violence prevention that emphasizes early attention to problems such as bullying, teasing, and other forms of student conflict before they escalate into violent behavior. This information, in turn, will permit the authorities to make reasonable judgments about whether the subject of the assessment is on a path toward an attack on an identifiable target. In addition, it is essential for threat assessment teams to be aware that homicide and suicide are correlated with each other. In the field, threat assessment is used in a broad range of circumstances, including in circumstances involving no actual threat. improve the threat assessment process. Jurors acquitted Peterson, a former Broward County sheriff's deputy, of criminal charges for his failure to enter the high school to confront the shooter who killed 17 people and injured 17 others. The percentage of students referred to law enforcement by school staff is also disproportionate. Mission creep, by purporting to solve a series of social and educational problems that go beyond protecting school communities from serious threats of violence. Picture a case in which a student says to another student: Im going to beat you up after school.. Threat assessment can lead to suspension if, in serious contexts, thats whats needed to keep students safe. In addition to situations with no threat, the threat analyzed may not be viable on its face, for example a non-specific threat written by a child whose IEP team agrees is simply unable to act on it. PDF THREAT ASSESSMENT AND REPORTING Resources for Schools and Districts Discriminatory discipline and inappropriate arrests or referrals to law enforcement, immigration authorities or child protective services. Multiple people in Ohio were killed in the second mass shooting in the U.S. in less than 24 hours. Black and Brown students and those with disabilities are suspended from school at a rate that is disproportionate to that of their white and nondisabled peers for comparable behaviors and they are frequently punished more harshly than white peers for similar offenses. Summary. Schools should establish a reporting system that is continually monitored and allows anonymous reporting. Fairley said peer-to-peer counseling is critical to keep schools safer. A school risk assessment is a systematic inspection that identifies and controls hazards within school premises. PDF Oklahoma Public Schools Student Threat Assessment Management System caused by insufficient evidence or unsubstantiated reports). Details a process for identifying, assessing, and managing students who may pose a threat of targeted violence in schools; includes suggestions for developing a threat assessment team within a school or school district, steps to take when a threat or other information of concern comes to light, consideration about when to involve law enforcement personnel, issues of information sharing, and ideas for creating safe school climates. Threat Assessment in Schools: A Guide to Managing Threatening - ed Lead Social Science Research Specialist This calls for even more intensive cooperation and risk-based work to increase resilience. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. It is often an informal process that varies not only from district to district, but also from day to day and child to child within the same district. Threat assessment teams do not have the benefit of information about the child, nor the expertise in addressing disability that IEP teams do. Now, even states that dont mandate threat assessment for all schools often allow for the use of school safety funds to support threat assessment. HB 605 mandates that the Center for Safer Schools shall develop guidance for threat assessment teams for public schools. Guidance at a Glance documents are designed to help share key pieces of information and gives a brief review of the BTAMImplementation process. It had been alleged that the student made a threat to a teacher and students. The contents of this Web site do not necessarily represent the policy or views of the U.S. Department of Education nor do they imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Education. CFSSstaff focuseson school climate, school discipline and emergency preparedness concerns for North Carolinas public K-12 schools. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A school resource officer in Anderson, Calif., walks a middle school student back to class on Dec. 9, 2013. 300.111 Child find Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, [3] For more information about how EPSDT can assist in identifying and supporting Medicaid eligible children and youth in need of services, from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment | Medicaid. Unacceptable risk AI systems are systems considered a threat to people and will be banned. The threat assessment process, including its inclusion of law enforcement membership on the threat assessment team and the threat assessment process itself, often has the practical effect of shifting the burden to prove safety onto the student and family. For example, community mental health programs often have long waiting lists for therapy. Use these resources to learn more about threat assessment and reporting. 2023 National Disability Rights Network | Accessibility Statement | Privacy Policy | Built by Social Driver, The Problems with Threat Assessments in Schools, decrease the likelihood that a student graduates, Black students lost 5 times the amount of instruction, referred to law enforcement or arrested were Black students, well-intentioned SROs [school resource officers] can still influence schools to be somewhat more focused on law and order and less focused on students social and emotional well-being., Mental Health/Social-Emotional Well-Being (pbis.org), Sec. Long-term educational consequences impacting future opportunities and unfair labeling and stigma for the student. Celebrating School Psychology Awareness Week, US Department of Education Hosts First Ever School Psychology Roundtable, U.S. Department of Education School Ambassador Fellowship, "Nothing is More Powerful than an Idea Whose Time has Come", Joint Statement from Members of the Disability Community and Allies on Gun Violence Prevention Policy and Mental Health Disabilities, School Safety and Gun Violence Prevention Messaging Should Not Escalate Anxiety, Namaste: Incorporating Advocacy into your "Practice" - Back to School 2019, Building Capacity for Safe and Successful Schools: 2019 Public Policy Institute Recap, 2019 NASP/GW Public Policy Institute Featured Speakers, House spending proposal addresses several NASP priorities, Affecting Change Through Social Media: Tips to Stay Engaged and Informed After Convention is Over. There are layers of protection against discrimination that threat assessment as it is commonly implemented, tears away. LockA locked padlock A school psychologist reviews notes from her case files. Profiling of and discrimination against Black and Brown students, and children with disabilities, especially those who are multi-marginalized. Behavior Threat Assessment and Management in the Virtual EnvironmentThis page was designed to assist schools with behavior threat assessment and management (BTAM) decisions in a virtual environment, and it may be particularly useful as schools experience extended closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Use these resources to help implement a threat assessment and reporting system. A report that remains in the students school records regardless of the outcome; Significant intrusion into the child and familys private information and private lives; Financial burden as families are asked to pay for evaluations and to miss work to cooperate with the collection of records and interviews; and. The childs parents were shocked and refused. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. This team evaluates a situation, as described below, and makes a recommendation regarding discipline for the student. Presumably, it would be linked to another massive state school safety database that compiles juvenile-justice, mental-health, and foster care records, among others, and that has generated concern among student-privacy advocates. There are a lot of people doing threat-assessment trainings doing a great job. Referral and screening resources currently exist and are required by law its the services that are unavailable. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The Great Divide - Reaching Across the Aisle, NASP Releases Federal Policy Platform for 116th Congress, The Impact of 2018 Midterm Elections on the Future of Education, Achieving Funding Equity through State Funding Formulas. Even when it does not result in a suspension or other discipline, the threat assessment process itself has negative consequences for students, such as: The process places a huge burden of stress, time and worry upon the child and family. Threat Assessment: Predicting and Preventing School Violence Based on the 2002 Safe School Initiative, the threat assessment process attempts to prevent school violence by encouraging schools to . The first step in Cornell's model is evaluation when teachers or school administrators hear of a threat, they need to gather as much data on the incident as possible. This guide provides suggestions for implementing each of the three features of a threat assessment. PDF Forms for the Comprehensive School Threat Assessment Guidelines (LockA locked padlock) Each team member brings a different lens to the table. Another study compared two sets of high schools, one that used the guidelines and another that did not. Even a single suspension can severely decrease the likelihood that a student graduates from high school, threatening negative long-term career and economic consequences. Students in general education can be removed immediately if needed. Behavioral threat assessment and management provides a proactive, evidence-based approach for identifying individuals who might pose a threat to themselves or others and for providing intervention before an incident occurs. Accurate implementation of threat assessment programs helps increase support for students in need and emphasizes a supportive and healthy school climate. An alternative version of this article appeared in the September 4, 2019 edition of Education Week.A version of this article appeared in the September 04, 2019 edition of Education Week as What Are Threat Assessments and How Do Schools Use Them? Such language is also included in the 2018 federal STOP School Violence Act, which authorizes school safety grants. improve the threat assessment process. Read on to learn about threat assessments origins, how its practiced, and why some privacy experts still have questions. Forms for the Comprehensive School Threat Assessment Guidelines What is the purpose of these forms? The North Carolina General Assembly passed a bill this week to require public schools across the state to establish threat assessment teams. In other states, paperwork generated from threat assessment is usually kept at schools, noted Michelle Morton, the juvenile-justice policy coordinator for the American Civil Liberties Union of Florida. Although most providers claim to be evidence-based, empirical research on threat assessment in schools is limited. A lock ( This report provides a process for identifying, assessing, and managing students who may pose a threat of targeted violence in schools. Threat Assessment: Predicting and Preventing School Violence - NASP Center Factsheets Threat Assessment: Predicting and Preventing School Violence By Violin joseph 2nd March 2023 Preventing school violence is a top priority for school and public safety officials today. Black students make up just 15% of the student population. Threat assessment and management teams are effective proactive and protective measures that are designed to prevent -not predict -potential acts of targeted violence and terrorism. Studies suggest that it's effective in other ways. Conducting School Threat Assessments: 4 Tips from a Psychologist Research on the guidelines Cornell developed found that his program reduced disparities in suspensions between black and white students. This content is provided by our sponsor. ET. For example, in 2015-2016, 31% of public school students referred to law enforcement or arrested were Black students, which is highly disproportionate. The question, proponents say, isnt so much whether a student has made a threat as whether he or she poses one. Threat assessment for schools is a fact-based process developed by the U.S. Secret Service and U.S. Department of Education that helps schools evaluate and assess potentially threatening students or situations. There is a trove of evidence-based research supporting what we already know students need warmth and support at school, not to be treated as threats. Department of Homeland Security,April 2023. Threat Assessment Process Contact Us If you have any questions or comments regarding the threat assessment team materials above or the K-12 Threat Assessment and Technical Assistance Network and related resources, please email RA-CD-SSSC@pa.gov. The child remained out of school for months while this situation was resolved. SoprisWest. The American Rescue Plan Act What Does this Mean for the Funding of School Mental Health Services? Student Threat Assessment - ESD 112 The case examples above highlight the intrusive nature of threat assessment into the private lives of Black and Brown families and the families of students with disabilities. Police officers are not psychologists, nurses, guidance counselors, or certified educators. 2. Its a prevention-based strategy that, in theory, means serious threats are stopped, while less serious ones trigger a review of a students mental-health, behavioral, or academic supports. In the 2017-2018 school year, Black girls were 5 times more likely than white girls to be suspended. Individual institutions can hardly keep up with the pace at which cybercrime is developing. This report identifies 41 incidents of attacks against K-12 schools in the United States from 2008 to 2017. The studies also provide some preliminary evidence that fidelity of implementation was linked to stronger results, though the authors conclude more research is needed on that front. Advocates disagree on police presence in schools, but agree that they should not be making discipline decisions. They were also less likely to receive long-term suspensions or to be placed in an alternative school. Because he was never technically suspended, he did not receive the discipline protections under federal and state education laws related to disability, nor the benefit of the due process right to appeal a long-term suspension required by state and federal law. Doing it effectively within the confines of layered education policies. The goal of a threat assessment is to identify students of concern, assess their risk for engaging in violence or other harmful activities, and identify intervention strategies to manage that risk. Identify and address threatening or concerning behaviors before they lead to violence. Having a threat assessment program, or a multidisciplinary group process, to evaluate these reports can significantly reduce violence, including mass casualty attacks. Police are police. A respected researcher has found that even well-intentioned SROs [school resource officers] can still influence schools to be somewhat more focused on law and order and less focused on students social and emotional well-being.. +1.800.258.8413| ncssle@air.org. Official websites use .gov For students who experience frustration, loneliness, or bullying at school, school counseling, intervention by a caring adult and the involvement of the IEP team (when appropriate) are better solutions than involving law enforcement. Stephen Sawchuk is an assistant managing editor for Education Week, leading coverage of teaching, learning, and curriculum. These staff are generally the administrator in charge of school discipline and a school counselor or teacher. When are drivers supposed to stop for school buses? Responding to Students Who Threaten Violence: Helping Handout for the School (PDF)This handout reviews considerations important to identifying a potentially threatening situation and selecting the appropriate intervention for the student who presents as a possible danger to others. The school system created a threat-assessment approach that is now used to train other districts. Educational disruption as families must often homeschool or find a separate placement for the child during the evaluation process. You have to treat it case by case.. Theyll conduct a thorough mental-health screening and meet with his mom to discuss treatment. the importance of establishing a threat assessment process in schools to enhance proactive targeted violence prevention efforts. Tools and Resources to Help with Threat Assessments | RAND Threat assessments can fracture important bonds and relationships of trust that are essential for families to access school-based supports and resources, as they situate the school in opposition to a student. Nationwide, policies are being created and funding increased for law enforcement response rather than increasing funding for critical engagement with diverse clinicians who are trained in conflict resolution, mental health services and support to students and families. Find hundreds of jobs for principals, assistant principals, and other school leadership roles. 3474). The goal is to be in a position to take preventative action on true threats without overreacting to normal juvenile venting, joking or personal characteristics common among young people (as styles of dress, communication, etc.).. The CFSS is headed by Karen W.Fairley, Executive Director. While LCPS has been implementing threat assessment since 2004, Virginia legislation ( 22.1-79.4) was passed in 2013 requiring that "Each local school board shall adopt policies for the establishment of threat assessment teams, including the assessment of and intervention with individuals whose behavior may pose a threat to the safety of school staff or students consistent with the . Read the report: Threat Assessment in Schools: A Guide to Managing Threatening Situations and to Creating Safe School Climates. These information requests come without the protections of the 4th, 5th and 6th Amendments (e.g. Parents and school staff who know the child personally are often not consulted at all. Truitt said HB 605 will enhance what the training has provided. Administrative, Professional and Technical, Special Agent Talent & Achievement Recruitment, Threat Assessment in Schools: A Guide to Managing Threatening Situations and to Creating Safe School Climates. In Florida, for example, the same bill that mandates threat assessment also strengthens its zero-tolerance policies.
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